Cells and Organelles

Question 1

What is the cell theory?

Answer 1

1. All livings things are made up of cells
2. All cells come from
   pre-existing cells
3. Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life

Question 2

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 2

-single cell
- don’t have a nucleus
- free floating DNA
- sometimes have a cell wall
example: Bacteria

Question 3

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 3

-multicellular
-have a nucleus
example: plants, animals, fungi ect.

Question 4

What does the Cell Wall do?

Answer 4

Supports the cell, makes it rigid. Only in plant cells.

Question 5

What organelle supports the cell and helps keep its shape?

Answer 5

Cell Wall

Question 6

What does the Cell Membrane do?

Answer 6

Controls the passage of substance in and out of the cell.

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 7

What controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell?

Answer 7

Cell Membrane

Question 8

What does the Nucleus do?

Answer 8

The Nucleus is the control centre of the cell which holds DNA.

Question 9

Control Centre of the cell?

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

What is the Cytoplasm?

Answer 10

The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

Helps move materials around the cell.

Site of cellular activities and chemical reactions.

Question 11

What is the Cytosol?

Answer 11

The fluid component of the cytoplasm.

Question 12

What are Ribosomes?

Answer 12

Ribosomes are made up of RNA and proteins and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 13

What is the role of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 13

Golgi is a stack of membrane bound sacs that packages and stores chemicals that need to be secreted.

Question 14

What is the Mitochondria?

Answer 14

A membrane-bound organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration (energy).

Question 15

What is the Chloroplast?

Answer 15

A green oval-shaped organelle that is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Question 16

What are Vacuoles?

Answer 16

Membrane-bound sacs that store water, minerals and ions.

Give plants their rigid shape.

Question 17

Rough ER role?

Answer 17

Modification of proteins

Question 18

Smooth ER role?

Answer 18

Lipid synthesis and modification

Question 19

What is ER?

Answer 19

Endoplasmic Reictulum

Question 20

Vesicles

Answer 20

Membrane-bound sacs that transport cells products to cell membrane.

Question 21

Lysosome

Answer 21

Membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes that break down old cells and organelles.

Question 22

What organelle aren’t in both cells? (Only in plant)

Answer 22

Chloroplast and Cell Wall

Question 23

What is volume?

Answer 23

The amount of space enclosed by a surface

Question 24

What is surface area?

Answer 24

The area of the outer-most part of cell.

Question 25

Why does SA:V ratio matter?

Answer 25

A larger SA:V ratio results in a higher exchange process making the cell more efficient. A larger cell and a smaller SA:V ratio is less efficient.

Question 26

What is the liquid in the Cytoplasm called?

Answer 26

Cytosol

Question 27

Where is ER located?

Answer 27

Around nucleus

Question 28

Role of the Cytoplasm

Answer 28

It is the site of chemical reactions in the cell

Question 29

Why are cells flattened or folded?

Answer 29

Lessens the distance to travel from the inside to the outside of the cell.

Question 30

Why is being smaller useful for a cell?

Answer 30

-a smaller cell has a higher SA:V ratio -this allows for the efficient exchange of materials