Genetics & Inheritance

Question 1

What is a genome?

Answer 1

-the sum of an organisms DNA

Question 2

What are genes?

Answer 2

-sections of DNA that code for proteins in the body

Question 3

What is an allele?

Answer 3

• Different versions of the same gene

Question 4

What are the base pairs?

Answer 4

• A and T
  -G and C

Question 5

What is the double helix structure?
(DNA)

Answer 5

-twisted ladder of sugar phosphate and nitrogenous bases

Question 6

What are chromosomes?

Answer 6

-a DNA molecule that hold genetic material
-come in identical pairs

Question 7

What is an Autosome?

Answer 7

-all chromosomes besides sex cells
- the 22 matched pairs of chromosomes

Question 8

What are sex chromosomes?

Answer 8

X and Y

Question 9

What is a gamete?

Answer 9

• a sex cell

Question 10

Examples of sex cells?

Answer 10

-sperm
-egg cell

Question 11

What is a genotype?

Answer 11

-The combination of genes that code for a trait

Question 12

what is a phenotype?

Answer 12

• the expressed/shown traits of a genotype

Question 13

What are Karyotypes?

Answer 13

• the full set of chromosomes

Question 14

How are Karyotypes organised?

Answer 14

-from longest to shortest

Question 15

What information can be obtained from a karyotype?

Answer 15

-chromosomal abnormalities like down-syndrome
-the sex of the organism

Question 16

What is co-dominance?

Answer 16

-when a third phenotype is created
-usually stripped or spotty

Question 17

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 17

-The traits blend, creating a third phenotype
-pink flower

Question 18

what is X linked dominant?

Answer 18

• affected daughter and father

Question 19

What is X linked recessive?

Answer 19

-affected son from mother

Question 20

What is Y linked?

Answer 20

-all male affected

Question 21

Where are linked genes found?

Answer 21

-on the same chromosome