Cells and tissues of the nervous system

Question 1

What are the only 2 type of nervous system cell types?

Answer 1

neurons and glial cells

Question 2

Are neurons or glial cells exciteable cells?

Answer 2

neurons

Question 3

How are impulses carried in a neuron?

Answer 3

as an action potential

Question 4

Compare the number and size of neurons and glial cells

Answer 4

glial cells are smaller and more plentiful

Question 5

Are there multiple axons or dendrites in a neuron?

Answer 5

dendrites

Question 6

What direction do impulses travel along a neuron?

Answer 6

cell body to synaptic terminal

Question 7

What is the reason for a lot of mitochondria and rER in neurons?

Answer 7

high metabolic rate and to package proteins

Question 8

What does amitotic mean?

Answer 8

if it dies will not regenerate itself

Question 9

Can the axons or cell bodies regenerate if damaged?

Answer 9

axons

Question 10

Saltatory conduction

Answer 10

increase speed of impulse as action potential can jump the nodes of ranvier

Question 11

myelin sheath formed from what?

Answer 11

glial cells - oligodendrocytes in the CNS and schwann cells in the periphery

Question 12

How do the glial cells form the myelin sheath

Answer 12

secrete their cell membrane

Question 13

What happens to the myelin sheath in multiple sclerosis?

Answer 13

patchy loss/scarring –> demyelination and abnormal nerve conduction

Question 14

Cause of MS and epidemiology

Answer 14

viral or autoimmune?

Scotland has the highest incidence

Question 15

MRI - what is seen in MS?

Answer 15

whitish plaques of demyelination

Question 16

Name the 3 types of neurons

Answer 16

multipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolae

Question 17

What neuron has the cell body in olfactory bulb?

Answer 17

bipolar

Question 18

What pathways are bipolar neurons used in?

Answer 18

olfactory mucosa, retinal fibres - special sense

Question 19

What type of neuron is regarded as the “typical” neuron?

Answer 19

multipolar

Question 20

Are multipolar neurons sensory or motor neurons?

Answer 20

motor mostly

Question 21

Are pseudounipolar motor or sensory?

Answer 21

sensory

Question 22

Where does a pseudounipolar neuron cell body lie?

Answer 22

in dorsal root ganglia outside of the CNS

Question 23

What are axons bundled together depending on?

Answer 23

information they carry

Question 24

collection of cell bodies and non myelinated axons in the CNS (2)

Answer 24

diffuse = grey matter
localised = nuclei

Question 25

Collection of myelinated axons in the CNS (2)

Answer 25

diffuse = white matter | bundles carrying specific information within white matter = tracts

Question 26

myelinated axons in periphery

Answer 26

nerves

Question 27

cell bodies in periphery

Answer 27

gangia

Question 28

2 types of glial cells found in the periphery?

Answer 28

schwann cells and satellite

Question 29

4 types of glial cells found in the CNS?

Answer 29

astroctytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

Question 30

What do ependymal cells line?

Answer 30

ventricles

Question 31

What are the thalamus and hypothalamus a part of?

Answer 31

diencephalon

Question 32

What tube goes on to form the nervous system?

Answer 32

neural tube

Question 33

how many primary and secondary vesicles are there?

Answer 33

3, 5

Question 34

What are the 3 primary vesicles called?

Answer 34

forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

Question 35

What fluid do the ventricles contain?

Answer 35

CSF

Question 36

What part of the brain does the forebrain form?

Answer 36

diencephalon and cerebrum

Question 37

What part of the brain does the hindbrain form?

Answer 37

pons and medulla | cerebellum

Question 38

telencephalon - what ventricle?

Answer 38

lateral ventricles

Question 39

diencephalon - which ventricle?

Answer 39

3rd ventricle

Question 40

midbrain - which ventricle?

Answer 40

cerebral aqueduct

Question 41

hindbrain - which ventricle?

Answer 41

4th

Question 42

What does the interventricular foramen connect

Answer 42

lateral and 3rd ventricle

Question 43

What part of the adult brain are lateral ventricles found?

Answer 43

cerebral hemispheres

Question 44

What part of the adult brain is the interventricular foramen found?

Answer 44

diencephalon cavity

Question 45

cerebral aqueduct found where in the brain?

Answer 45

midbrain

Question 46

What part of the brain is the 4th ventricle found?

Answer 46

hindbrain with the cerebellum at the back

Question 47

What are the 3 layers of mater?

Answer 47

dura, arachnoid and pia

Question 48

Describe dura mater

Answer 48

tough, fibrous, outer layer - dural folds

Question 49

Pia mater description

Answer 49

vascularised and dips into folds of the brain

Question 50

2 spaces between the mater?

Answer 50

subdural and subarachnoid

Question 51

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

Answer 51

CSF

Question 52

subdural space - what is important about this?

Answer 52

potential space with blood vessels for the CNS

Question 53

CSF function

Answer 53

maintain intracranial pressure

Question 54

Where is CSF found?

Answer 54

inside ventricles and between pia and arachnoid mater

Question 55

Where is CSF formed?

Answer 55

choroid plexus in the ventricles

Question 56

Where is CSF absorbed?

Answer 56

arachnoid villi into saggital sinus

Question 57

How does CSF get into the subarachnoid space from the ventricles?

Answer 57

lateral aperture of the 4th ventricles and foramen

Question 58

What are the 4 dural folds you need to know?

Answer 58

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli and diaphragm sellae

Question 59

falx cerebri location

Answer 59

between cerebral hemispheres

Question 60

tentorium cerebelli location

Answer 60

separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum

Question 61

falx cerebelli location

Answer 61

between cerebellar hemispheres

Question 62

diaphragm sellae goes around what?

Answer 62

pituitary stalk

Question 63

3 parts of the blood-brain barrier

Answer 63

tight junction - endothelium thick basal lamina foot process of astrocytes

Question 64

What types of organs is the blood-brain barrier absent?

Answer 64

circumventricular

Question 65

What solubility must drugs have to be delivered to the CNS?

Answer 65

lipid