Cerebral hemispheres

Question 1

What are the dips, elevations and larger dips of the brain called?

Answer 1

sulci, gyrus and fissures

Question 2

Is the grey or white matter on the surface of the brain?

Answer 2

grey

Question 3

What are basal ganglia?

Answer 3

collection of neuronal cell bodies buried in white matter

Question 4

What does the median longitudinal fissures separate?

Answer 4

the 2 hemispheres

Question 5

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 5

bridge between the 2 hemispheres which helps with communication

Question 6

What type of fibres are found in the corpus callosum?

Answer 6

commissural

Question 7

What is the fissure between the cerebrum and cerebellum?

Answer 7

transverse fissure

Question 8

4 lobes of the brain

Answer 8

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

Question 9

What 2 lobes does the lateral sulcus separate?

Answer 9

frontal and temporal

Question 10

What lobes do the central sulcus separate?

Answer 10

frontal and parietal

Question 11

How are the parietal and occipital lobes separated?

Answer 11

on the medial surface by the parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 12

What system is the hippocampus a part of?

Answer 12

limbic

Question 13

Insula

Answer 13

part of cerebral cortex folded deep within lateral sulcus

Question 14

Generally is the front or back of the brain sensory?

Answer 14

sensory at the back of the brain and motor infront

Question 15

What is the medial part of the brain concerned with - what is this system called?

Answer 15

limbic system - storage and retrieval of processes memories

Question 16

Name the 4 lobes and their main functions

Answer 16

frontal - motor function and intellect
parietal - somatosensory eg general sensory
temporal - smell and hearing
occipital - visual

Question 17

What is the job of association areas of the brain?

Answer 17

make sense of the incoming information

Question 18

What area is in the precentral gyrus - number and function

Answer 18

4 - primary motor cortex

Question 19

What is area 44,45 known as and where is it located?

Answer 19

inferior central gyrus - brocas area for motor speech

Question 20

What are some functions of the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 20

cognitive functions of higher order eg intellect, judgement, prediction and planning

Question 21

What is a motor and sensory homunculus?

Answer 21

used to demonstrate the precentral and postcentral gyrus - areas of body with how much of cortex is associated - nothing to do with size all about how much fine tuning is required

Question 22

Post central gyrus - numbers and functions

Answer 22

3,1,2 - primary sensory area

Question 23

What area of the parietal lobe is the sensory association area?

Answer 23

superior parietal lobule

Question 24

Function of inferior parietal lobule

Answer 24

global association area - close to visual and auditory areas
contributes to language in dominant hemisphere

Question 25

What can a parietal lobe lesion lead to?

Answer 25

hemisensory neglect

Question 26

Primary auditory cortex - numbers and where is it found

Answer 26

41,42 - superior temporal gyrus

Question 27

What hemisphere is Wernicke's area only found in and what is its function?

Answer 27

dominant hemisphere - make sense of language

Question 28

What is the inferior surface of the temporal lobe concerned with?

Answer 28

smell - fibres from olfactory tract

Question 29

Area 17 of occipital lobe is..

Answer 29

primary visual cortex

Question 30

Area 18 and 19 of occipital lobe is..

Answer 30

visual association areas

Question 31

Limbic lobe - function and location

Answer 31

emotion and memory | medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres

Question 32

4 components making up the limbic system

Answer 32

hippocampus parahippocampal gyrus cingulate gyrus amygdala

Question 33

brocas and wernickes area

Answer 33

``` brocas = motor speech area Wernicke's = auditory association area used to recognise words found in dominant hemisphere ```

Question 34

Aphasia definition

Answer 34

problem with speech due to damage to 1 or more speech areas

Question 35

Broca's aphasia

Answer 35

loss of small words, recognises problems, paralysis of same side of body, understands speech, frontal lobe damage

Question 36

Wernicke's aphasia

Answer 36

a lot of words used out of context - fancy speech | does not recognise problem, no paralysis, temporal lobe damage

Question 37

3 types of white matter tracts

Answer 37

commissural association projection

Question 38

Commissural fibres

Answer 38

connect the 2 hemispheres - corpus callosum

Question 39

Association fibres

Answer 39

connect parts of the same hemisphere and can be short or long

Question 40

projection fibres

Answer 40

between cortex and subcortical centres | internal capsule

Question 41

Where is the internal capsule found?

Answer 41

between thalamus and caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus

Question 42

Blood supply of the internal capsule and the clinical significance

Answer 42

Branches of middle cerebral artery | commonly affected by stroke

Question 43

name the basal ganglia

Answer 43

caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putramen, substantia nigra and subthalamic nuclei

Question 44

What forms the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 44

globus pallidus and putamen

Question 45

Where is the substantia nigra found?

Answer 45

midbrain

Question 46

Main function of basal ganglia

Answer 46

the termination and initiation of movements

Question 47

Give an example of a disease which may be concerned with pathology of basal ganglia?

Answer 47

parkinsons

Question 48

What basal ganglia are regarded as input nuclei and where are the inputs from?

Answer 48

caudate nucleus and putamen from thalamus, motor cortex and premotor cortex

Question 49

What basal ganglia are the output regions?

Answer 49

globus pallidus and substantia nigra