Cells- Endomembrane organelles

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

The basic structural and functional units of every organism.

Question 2

All cells:

Answer 2

1. Bound by a plasma membrane
2. Contain cytosol
3. Contain ribosomes
4. Contain chromosomes

Question 3

Prokaryotes

Answer 3

-Domains bacteria and archea
-DNA in the nucleoid region
-No nucleus
-Generally smaller than eukaryotes

Question 4

Eukaryotes

Answer 4

-Protists, fungi, animals and plants
-DNA in nucleus
-Contain membrane bound organelles

Question 5

Organelles

Answer 5

Membrane bound structures in eukaryotes

Question 6

Two types of organelles

Answer 6

Endomembrane & energy

Question 7

Endomembrane organelles

Answer 7

1. Nuclear envelope
2. Golgi complex
3. Endoplasmic reticulum
4. Lysosomes
5. Vesicles/vacuoles
6. Plasma membrane

Question 8

Energy organelles

Answer 8

1. Mitochondria
2. Chloroplasts

Question 9

Compartmentalization

Answer 9

Allows for different metabolic reactions to occur in different places, prevents interfering reactions from occurring in the same locations

Question 10

Unique cell components for plant cells

Answer 10

1. Chloroplasts
2. Central vacuole
3. Cell wall
4. Plasmodesmata

Question 11

Unique cell components for animal cells

Answer 11

1. Lysosomes
2. Centrosomes
3. Flagella

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

1. Contains genetic information (chromosomes)
2. Enclosed by nuclear envelope
3. Has pores which regulate entry and exit of materials from the nucleus

Question 13

Nucleolus

Answer 13

1. Dense region of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA rRNA is synthesized
2. rRNA is combined with proteins to form subunits of ribosomes
3. Ribosomes translate messages found on mRNA into the primary structure of polypeptides

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

Function to make proteins, made of ribosomal RNA and protein.

Question 15

Ribosomes can be found in two places

Answer 15

1. Cytosol- proteins produced here generally function only in the cytosol (enzymes)
2. Bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope- proteins produced here can be secreted from the cell, leave via transport vesicles

Question 16

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

a network membranous sacs and tubes, synthesizes membranes and compartmentalize the cell to keep proteins formed in the rough ER separate from those of free ribosomes.

Question 17

Rough ER

Answer 17

1. Contains ribosomes
2. Makes proteins

Question 18

Smooth ER

Answer 18

1. Contains NO ribosomes
2. Synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbs and detoxifies the cell.

Question 19

Golgi Complex

Answer 19

contains flattened membranous sacs called cisternae, separates the sacs from the cytosol, each cisternae is not connected.

Question 20

Golgi complex cis and trans face

Answer 20

1. Cis face- receives vesicles from the ER
2. Trans face- sends vesicles back out into into the cytosol to other locations or to the plasma membrane for secretion

Question 21

Golgi Complex functions

Answer 21

• Receives transport vesicles with materials from the ER
  -Modifies the materials- ensures newly formed proteins are folded correctly
• Sorts the materials
  -Adds molecular tags
  -Packages materials into new transport

Question 22

Lysosomes

Answer 22

Membranous sac with hydrolytic enzymes, hydrolyzes macromolecules in animal cells

Question 23

Autophagy

Answer 23

Lysosomes can recycle their own cells organic materials, allows cell to renew itself.

Question 24

Peroxisomes

Answer 24

Similar to lysosomes, membrane bound metabolic compartment, catalyze reactions that produce H2O, enzymes in peroxisomes then break down H2O2 to water.

Question 25

Vacuoles

Answer 25

Large storage vesicles that stem from the ER and golgi selective in transport

Question 26

Types of vacuoles

Answer 26

1. Food vacuoles- digested by lysosomes (cell eating)
2. Contractile vacuole- maintain water level in cells
3. Central vacuole- Found only in plants, important for turgor pressure