Proteins

Question 1

Smallest to largest elements of a protein

Answer 1

amino acid, peptide, polypeptide, protein

Question 2

Elements involved in proteins

Answer 2

CHONS, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur

Question 3

Monomer of proteins

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

Polymer of proteins

Answer 4

polypeptides

Question 5

Protein

Answer 5

Molecule consisting of polypeptides folded into a 3D shape

Question 6

Shape of a protein determines

Answer 6

function

Question 7

Amino acids

Answer 7

Molecules that have an amino group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH)

Question 8

Side chains can be grouped as

Answer 8

1. Nonpolar (hydrophobic)
2. Polar (hydrophilic)
3. Charged/ionic (hydrophilic)

Question 9

Peptide bond formation

Answer 9

In order for a peptide bond to form the carboxyl group (COOH) of one amino acid must be positioned to the amino group of another amino acid (NH2)

Question 10

Polypeptides

Answer 10

Many amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 11

Each end of polypeptide is chemically unique

Answer 11

1. N-terminus
2. C-terminus

Question 12

The sequence of amino acids determines the…

Answer 12

3D shape

Question 13

Functions of proteins

Answer 13

1. Antibody (helps protect body from disease)
2. Enzyme (carry out chemical reactions)
3. Messenger (transmit signals like hormones)
4. Structural
5. Transport/storage

Question 14

Primary (3)

Answer 14

1. Linear chain of amino acids
2. Determined via genes
3. Dictates secondary and tertiary forms

Question 15

Secondary (1)

Answer 15

1. Coils and folds due to hydrogen bonding within the polypeptide backbone (helix and beta)

Question 16

Tertiary (3)

Answer 16

1. 3D folding due to interactions between the side chains of amino acids
2. Reinforced by hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bridges of the side chains
3. Covalent bond formed between sulfur atoms of two cysteine monomers

Question 17

Quaternary

Answer 17

1. Association of two or more polypeptides