cellular constituents

Question 1

Some function can be restored by _____ neurons taking over some of the function.

Answer 1

surviving

Question 2

once a neuron dies it is generally replaced/not replaced ?

Answer 2

not replaced

Question 3

swelling of the cell bodies and the nuclei moves toward the plasma membrane

Answer 3

chromatolysis

Question 4

The ________ results in the neuronal cell bodies undergoing chromatolysis

Answer 4

retrograde effect -

Question 5

wallerian degeneration

Answer 5

the anterograde effects that results from cutting of axons .results in degeneration of the axon beyond the transection sites.

Question 6

Oligodendrocyte– Myelination

Ratio

Answer 6

1 oligo: many axons

Question 7

Component of blood-brain barrier; modulation of neuronal microenvironment

Answer 7

astrocyte

Question 8

Line cerebral ventricles; ciliated; produce CSF

Answer 8

ependymal cells

Question 9

latent phagocytic macrophages in CNS

Answer 9

microglial

Question 10

Found in peripheral ganglia; provide support & modulate neuronal microenvironment

Answer 10

Satellite cell

Question 11

Schwann cells lay down a _____ which forms an impervious “tube” surrounding the length of the axon.

Answer 11

basal lamina

Question 12

can glialmyelinate axons, even after injury?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

Glial scars also provide a barrier to _____

Answer 13

regeneration

Question 14

Glial cells give rise to most of the brain tumors: ______ and______

Answer 14

astrosytomas

glioblastomas

Question 15

Multiple Sclerosis is the loss of myelin in the CNS. Which glial cells are implicated in this disease?

Answer 15

oligodendrocytes

Question 16

Movement of substances from cell body to axon terminal

Answer 16

anterograde transport

Question 17

what undergoes anterograde transport

Answer 17

Newly synthesized proteins; organelles; neurotransmitter precursors

Question 18

Movement of substance from axon terminal to cell body

Answer 18

Retrograde transport

Question 19

what sorts of things move by retrograde transport

Answer 19

Molecules destined for degradation in lysosomes; viruses such as herpes simplex & polio; Axonal transport moves organelles, lipids, proteins, along axon
Utilizes axonal cytoskeleton of microtubules, and the motor proteins

Question 20

_____ protein is involved in retrograde transport

Answer 20

dyenin

Question 21

______ protein is involved in anterograde transport

Answer 21

kinesin

Question 22

_____ transport moves slow

Answer 22

anterograde

Question 23

_____ transport moves fast and slow

Answer 23

anterograde and retrograde (intermediate quasi fast) transport

Question 24

A molecule destined for destruction in a lysosome is likely to be transported by which of these?

Answer 24

Dynein, retrograde

Question 25

Depending upon the ______, the response can range from death to regeneration

Answer 25

severity of the insult

Question 26

anomalous reinnervation

Answer 26

when damaged neurons sprout along the wrong rein nervation pathway/incorrect target

Question 27

onset of neuroma

Answer 27

takes several months

Question 28

neuroma

Answer 28

collection of neurons that did not find the basal lamina and form a rein nervation pathway...

Question 29

where does regeneration occur? CNS or PNS? Why?

Answer 29

PNS has basal lamina from Schwann cells. Oligodendrocytes lack a basal lamina. Inhibitory factors are also present.

Question 30

regeneration in the CNS - Astrocytes may form a glial scar, presenting a _____ to growth

Answer 30

physical barrier

Question 31

neuronal restoration - axon membranes acquire new voltage-gated Na+ channels in demyelinated regions to restore function

Answer 31

Molecular plasticity

Question 32

synaptic can be strengthened at some synapses through increased activity

Answer 32

synaptic plasticity

Question 33

targets which become partially denervated can receive axon collaterals from the remaining axons to the denervated portion of the tissue

Answer 33

Collateral sprouting of axons

Question 34

new neurons produced from undifferentiated progenitor cells

Answer 34

neurogenesis

Question 35

successful nerve regeneration timeline

Answer 35

3 months after injury