cellular energy test (photosynthesis and cellular respiration) Flashcards
(42 cards)
photosynthesis
-transforms solar energy into chemical energy of a carbohydrate
chemical equation for photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O –> C6H12O6 + O2
cellular respiration
-produce ATP molecules for energy
chemical equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + O2 –> CO2 + H2O
what are the parts of photosynthesis?
-light reactions
-calvin cycle
light reactions
-focused on harvesting energy
-chlorophyll in thylakoid membranes absorbs solar energy and energeizes electrons
-water is oxidized releasing electrons, H+ ions, and oxygen
-ATP is produced form ADP + P with the electron transport chain
-NADP+ accepts electrons and becomes NADPH
light reactions “equation”
H2O + H+ + O2 + ATP + NADPH —> electron carrier
calvin cycle
-focused on making sugars
-CO2 is taken up by one of the moelcuels in the cycle
ATP and NADPH from the light rxns reduce CO2 to a carbohydrate (G3P)
calvin cycle “equation”
CO2 + NADPH + ATP —> C6H12O6
what are the two parts of the light reactions?
-photosystem II
-photosystem I
which photosystem comes first?
-photosystem II
which photo system was discovered first?
-photosystem II
photosystem II
-focused on splitting water
-electrons become energized from solar energy absorbed
-move to electron acceptor
-replacement electrons are removed from water
-H+ ions and O2 are relased from water whne it is broken through photolysis
-electorn acceptor sends electrons to the electron transport chain
photosystem I
-focused on producing NADPH
-pigment absorbs solar energy
-energizes electrons
0electrons leave reaction center and go to different electron acceptor than psII
-low energy electrons from electron transport chain replace them
-electorn accepor passes electrons to NADP+
-H+ ion is reduced
-all come together to create NADPH
what are the three types of photosynthesis?
-c3, c4 and CAM
c3 photosynthesis
-normal photosynthesis
-most plants are C3 plants
-where temp and rainfall tend to be moderate (no needed adaptation for metabolism)
cam photosynthesis
-evolved adaptation for warm, arid, desert like conditions
-open up stomata in the night when it is cooler
-keep stomata closed in the day to prevent water loss
-release stored CO2 when NADPH and ATP are availabel from light rxn
c4 photosynthesis
-evolved adaptation to be successful in hot, dry condidtions
-close up stomata to limit water loss
-also limits CO2 intake and allows O2 buildup
-chloroplasts in mesophyll fix to CO2 only
-shield bundle sheath cells from O2 buildup
-chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells only carry out calvin cycle
what are the four parts of cellular respiration?
-glycolysis
-prepatory rxns
-citric acid cycle
-electron transport chain
glycolisis
breakdown of glucose into 2 pyruvate
-6 carrbon molecule into 2 3-carbon molecules
-energy is invested to activate glucose
-2 ATP are gained
-oxidation results in NADH used later
preparatory rxns
-prepare outputs of glycolysis (pyruvate) for use in citric acid cycle
-happens in matrix and mitochondria
-[yruvate is oxidized
-CO2 molecule is given off
NAD+ accept electrons and H+ ions and forms NADH
-product (2 carbon acetyl group) is attaached to coenzyme A (coA) forming acetyl-coA
-happens 2 times per glucose molecule (bc 2 pyruvates are made form each glucose)
citric acid cycle
-acetyl group is oxidized forming CO2 in the process
-NAD+ and FAD accept elecrons and H+ ions resuling in NADH and FADH2
-substrate level ATP synthesis occurs
electron transport chain
-located in the cristae of the mitochondria
-a series of carriers that pass electrons from one to another
fermentation
-anaerboic pathways
-happens if oxygen is limited or absent after glycolysis
-focused on regenerating NAD+
-two types are lactic acid and alcohol
