Cellular Response To Stress Flashcards
(63 cards)
Name the two patterns of reversible cell injury?
- Cellular swelling
- Fatty change
Fragmentation into nucleosome-sized fragments occurs in which type of cell death?
Apoptosis
The brain is special in that it undergoes what type of necrosis when ischemic ?
Liquefactive necrosis
What is the most common form of metaplasia ? What is its cause?
Squamous metaplasia specifically columnar to squamous metaplasia from cigarette smoking and vitamin A deficiency.
What do you call the mediators of the apoptotic pathway?
Caspases - a unique family of cysteine proteases. Caspases are also inactive form of zymogens.
What do you call the sand like lamellated calcifactions seen in papillary cancers?
Psammoma bodies
What finding is seen when there are multiple collections of triglycerides in lamina propia of the gallbladder?
Strawberry gallbladder
What is the only endogenous brown-black pigment?
Melanin
Increase in size of cells resulting in increased size of organ; cellular adaptation of non-dividing cells eg. Myocardial cells.
Hypertrophy
Increase in the number of cells?
Hyperplasia
Reduction in cell size and number resulting in decreased sizeof organ.
Atrophy
A reversible change wherein one differentiated cell type is is replaced by another cell type.
Metaplasia
55/M with long standing history of hypertension eventually expired from myocardial infarction. Autopsy shows increased thickness of the left ventricular wall with a large infarct. What is the cellular adaptation seen in this case?
Left ventricular hypertrophy; Pathologic Hypertrophy
47 G0 with adult granulosa cell tumor presented with menorrhagia. UTZ shows thickened endometrium. Patient underwent diagnostic curettage. Biopsy shows back to back endometrial glands with nuclear atypia. What is the diagnosis (for the endometrium), and what is the cellular adaptation seen in this case?
Atypical hyperplasia ( Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia); Pathologic hyperplasia
35/ M with history of poliomyelitis presented with disproportionately thinner right lower extremities. Muscle biopsy shows decrease in size of skeletal myocytes. What is the cellular adaptation seen in this case?
Denervation atrophy; Pathologic atrophy
39/F with history of heart burn and water brash. Endoscopy shows multiple pinkish tan area at the GEJ. Biopsy shows fragments with simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. What is the diagnosis, and what is the cellular adaptation seen in this case?
Barett esophagus; Intestinal Metaplasia
The first manifestation of almost all forms of injury to cells ; changes is due to influx of ions ( and consequently, water) due to failure of energy-dependent ion pumps ( Na,K, ATPase)
Cellular Swelling
Appearance of lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm, often seen in cells participating in fat metabolism (liver, heart)
Steatosis
Type of cell death that results from a pathologic cell injury.
Necrosis
Type of cell death that is energy dependent , tightly regulated and associated with normal cellular functions; programmed cell death”.
Apoptosis
Components cells are dead but the basic tissue architecture is preserved ( acidophilic tombstone) often seen in ischemic injury to most solid organs ( heart, spleen, kidney) except the brain.
Coagulative necrosis
Digestion of dead cells resulting in transformation of the tissue into a viscous liquid mass; often seen in infections (pus) and in hypoxic death of cells within CNS.
Liquefactive necrosis
The term reserved for ischemic coagulative necrosis of the limbs (dry) , may have superimposed bacterial infection with liquefactive necrosis (wet).
Gangrenous necrosis
Cheese-like gross appearance of necrotic areas; often seen in tuberculous infections; tissue architecture is not preserved.
Caseous necrosis
