Cellular Response To Stress Flashcards
Name the two patterns of reversible cell injury?
- Cellular swelling
- Fatty change
Fragmentation into nucleosome-sized fragments occurs in which type of cell death?
Apoptosis
The brain is special in that it undergoes what type of necrosis when ischemic ?
Liquefactive necrosis
What is the most common form of metaplasia ? What is its cause?
Squamous metaplasia specifically columnar to squamous metaplasia from cigarette smoking and vitamin A deficiency.
What do you call the mediators of the apoptotic pathway?
Caspases - a unique family of cysteine proteases. Capsases are also inactive form of zymogens.
What do you call the sand like lamellated calcifactions seen in papillary cancers?
Psammoma bodies
What finding is seen when there are multiple collections of triglycerides in lamina propia of the gallbladder?
Strawberry gallbladder
What is the only endogenous brown-black pigment?
Melanin
Increase in size of cells resulting in increased size of organ; cellular adaptation of non-dividing cells eg. Myocardial cells.
Hypertrophy
Increase in the number of cells?
Hyperplasia
Reduction in cell size and number resulting in decreased sizeof organ.
Atrophy
A reversible change wherein one differentiated cell type is is replaced by another cell type.
Metaplasia
55/M with long standing history of hypertension eventually expired from myocardial infarction. Autopsy shows increased thickness of the left ventricular wall with a large infarct. What is the cellular adaptation seen in this case?
Left ventricular hypertrophy; Pathologic Hypertrophy
47 G0 with adult granulosa cell tumor presented with menorrhagia. UTZ shows thickened endometrium. Patient underwent diagnostic curettage. Biopsy shows back to back endometrial glands with nuclear atypia. What is the diagnosis (for the endometrium), and what is the cellular adaptation seen in this case?
Atypical hyperplasia ( Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia); Pathologic hyperplasia
35/ M with history of poliomyelitis presented with disproportionately thinner right lower extremities. Muscle biopsy shows decrease in size of skeletal myocytes. What is the cellular adaptation seen in this case?
Denervation atrophy; Pathologic atrophy
39/F with history of heart burn and water brash. Endoscopy shows multiple pinkish tan area at the GEJ. Biopsy shows fragments with simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. What is the diagnosis, and what is the cellular adaptation seen in this case?
Barett esophagus; Intestinal Metaplasia