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Heart Flashcards

1
Q

This occurs when an initially left to right shunt becomes a right to left shunt due to an irreversible changes in the pulmonary vasculature.

A

Eisenmengerization

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2
Q

This is the most common primary cardiac tumor in children.

A

Rhabdomyoma

Note:
Myxomas in adults

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3
Q

This is the inability of the heart to pump blood at a rate sufficient to meet the metabolic demands of tissues or can do so only at an elevated filling pressure.

A

Heart failure

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4
Q

What is the most common type of ASD ?

A

Secundum 90%

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5
Q

This specific cardiac enzyme is used to assess reinfarction due to it having faster rate of return to normal levels.

A

CK-MB

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6
Q

What is the most common causative agent in acute infective endocarditis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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7
Q

This is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

5/M with non-restrictive ventricular septal defect later develops cyanosis. What’s your impression?

A

Eisenmengerization

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9
Q

49/F with a history of tuberculous pericarditis presents with easy fatigability, peripheral edema, and distended neck veins. The heart is not enlarged. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Constrictive pericarditis

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10
Q

46/M, left atrial mass. Microscopic sections show stellate or globular cells embedded in a mucopolysaccharide ground substance. What is the diagnosis?

A

Myxoma

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11
Q

Diabetic who complains of easy fatigability and shortness of breath like walking and going up the stairs, no maintenance medications. What would be the most likely cause of death?

A

Myocardial infarction

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12
Q

What are pathophysiologic contributors on the development of an infarct ?

A
  1. Deprivation of blood supply causing rapid damage to neurons.
  2. Partial occlusion of a small vessel in anemic patients.
  3. Availability of different pathways for the blood supply.
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13
Q

Familial hypercholesterolemia is found in a small percentage of people recovering from what disease?

A

Myocardial infarction

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14
Q

Part of the heart most affected in cor pulmonale?

A

Right ventricle

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15
Q

In a case of ischemic heart disease, where would a mural thrombus most likely occur?

A

Left ventricle

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16
Q

Cause of early clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure.

A

Pulmonary congestion

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17
Q

Characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques? (3)

A
  1. Lesions are due to intimal thickening and lipid accumulation
  2. Plaques vary in size but can coalesce to form larger masses.
  3. Atheromatous plaques are white - yellow and encroach on the lumen of the artery.
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18
Q

Which are the common mechanisms in the disease development of myocardial infarction ?

A

Coronary embolization
Coronary plaque fissuring
Intraplaque hemorrhage

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19
Q

Subcellular structure found in macrophages responsible for the accumulation of the hemosiderin pigment in the rust-colored sputum in a patient with congestive heart failure.

20
Q

Complications of mitral stenosis. (3)

A
  1. Pulmonary hypertension
  2. Pulmonary congestion
  3. Mural thrombi formation
21
Q

Left to Right Shunts CHDs? (4)

A

ASD
VSD
PFO - Patent Foramen ovale (close 2yrs)
PDA - Patent Ductus Arteriosus ( close 2 days)

Note: All are shunts (bangag)

22
Q

Murmur seen in MVP ?

A

Mild-systolic clicks

23
Q

In RHD along the lines of valve closure are small (1-2mm) vegetations are called?

24
Q

In Rheumatic fever, subendocardial lesions can induce irregular thickenings called?

A

MacCallum Plaques

25
In RF distinctive lesions occur in the heart consists of foci T lymphocytes occasionally **plasma cells** are called?
Aschoff bodies Plump activated macrophages are called **Antischkow Cells**
26
Macrophages have abundant cytoplasm and central round to ovoid nuclei in which chromatin condenses into a central, slender, wavy ribbon. What disease?
Rheumatic Fever : Caterpillar Cells
27
Most common Pathogen in IV drug abusers?
S. aureus
28
Most consistent sign of Infective Endocarditis?
Fever
29
Most common sites of infection in Infective Endocarditis?
Mitral Valve & Aortic Valve (Valves on the Left )
30
Most common pathogen in a normal healthy patient infected with Acute Infective Endocarditis?
S. aureus
31
Most common pathogen in Subacute Infective Endocarditis?
S. viridans
32
Prosthetic valve endocarditis is most commonly caused by what pathogen?
S. epidermidis
33
Clinical manifestation of long standing Infective endocarditis?
**Janeway Lesions** : Erythematous/ Hemorrhagic nontender lesions on the palms or soles. **Osler nodes:** subcutaneous nodules in the pulp of digits **Roth spots** : retinal hemorrhages in the eyes
34
Mitral and tricuspid valvulitis with small , sterile vegetations occasionally encountered in SLE?
Libman-Sacks Disease - Endocarditis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
35
What disease that has lesions that are small 1-4mm , single, multiple, sterile, pink vegetations with warty / verrucous appearance ?
Libman-Sacks Disease - Endocarditis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
36
Disease where for unclear reasons , the left ventricular apex is affected leading to apical ballooning that resembles fishing pot for trapping octopus?
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
37
A disorder characterized by ARVC and hyperkeratosis of plantar palmar skin?
Naxos Syndrome
38
Mobile tumors are seen in what disease where it is termed as wrekking ball causing damages to the valve leaflets?
Myxomas
39
ST segment elevation in **leads II, III, and aVF** represents myocardial infarction in which wall of the heart?
Inferior wall Note: V1, V2 : Septal wall V3, V4: Anterior wall V5, V6: Lateral wall I, II, aVF : Inferior wall Imagine the path pa clockwise or pa labas sa heart or swimming strokes both hands: starting from center ( septal ) to front (anterior) to the sides (lateral ) and (down) last is inferior wall.
40
ST segment elevation in **V1 , V2** represents myocardial infarction in which wall of the heart?
Septal wall
41
ST segment elevation in **V3, V4** represents myocardial infarction in which wall of the heart?
Anterior Wall
42
ST segment elevation in **V5, V6** represents myocardial infarction in which wall of the heart?
Lateral wall
43
Angina Caused by atherosclerosis of coronary arteries with >70% stenosis?
Stable angina
44
Angina caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque with thrombosis and incomplete occlusion of a coronary artery.
Unstable Angina
45
Prinzmetal angina is caused by what?
Coronary artery vasospasm

Pathology (23 decks)

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