Central Nervous System

Question 1

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

Answer 1

• Central nervous system
• peripheral nervous system

Question 2

What makes up the CNS?

Answer 2

• Brain
• spinal cord

Question 3

What makes up the PNS?

Answer 3

• connections to CNS e.g. muscles
• Cranial nerves
• Spinal nerves
• Autonomic nervous system

Question 4

What are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 4

1. Afferent
2. Efferent
3. Inter

Question 5

What does an afferent neuron do?

Answer 5

Carry information from periferal receptors to CNS

Question 6

What does an efferent neuron do?

Answer 6

• Carry impulses away from CNS

Question 7

What do interneurons do?

Answer 7

Relay information

Question 8

What type of neuron is the blue one?

Answer 8

• afferent

Question 9

What type of neuron is the green one?

Answer 9

• inter

Question 10

What type of neuron is the red one?

Answer 10

efferent

Question 11

What are the 3 types of nerves?

Answer 11

1. sensory
2. motor
3. mixed

Question 12

What neurons (mostly) make up a sensory nerve?

Answer 12

sensory

Question 13

What neurons (mostly) make up a motor nerve?

Answer 13

motor

Question 14

What are the 3 main parts of the brain?

Answer 14

1. cerebrum
2. cerebellum
3. brain stem

Question 15

What does ‘gyri’ mean

Answer 15

Question 16

what is a sulci?

Answer 16

Question 17

Why does the brain have gyri and sulci?

Answer 17

Huge surfance area of cerebral cortex must fold to fit in the skull.

Question 18

What are the 6 lobes of the brain?

Answer 18

• frontal
• 2 x temporal
• 2 x parietal
• occiptal

Question 19

What are the 2 groups of bones that make up the skull?

Answer 19

1. Neurocraniam
2. Viscerocranium

Question 20

What is the purpose of the neurocranium bones?

Answer 20

protect the brain

Question 21

What is the purpose of the viscerocranium bones?

Answer 21

assist in formation of the face

Question 22

What are the 6 neurocranial bones?

Answer 22

• frontal
• parietal
• occipital
• temporal
• sphenoid
• Ethmoid

Question 23

Where is the cerebellum?

Answer 23

little one in back

Question 24

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 24

Coordiation of movement

Question 25

What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?

Answer 25

* medulla oblongata * pons * midbrain

Question 26

What is the blue region?

Answer 26

Pons

Question 27

What is the red region?

Answer 27

midbrain

Question 28

What is the purple region?

Answer 28

Medulla oblongata

Question 29

What are 'tracts'?

Answer 29

* group of nerve processes with common connections and functions

Question 30

What is the function of a first-order neurone?

Answer 30

Sends axon into brainstem

Question 31

What is the function of a second-order neurone?

Answer 31

Projects axon to the thalamus

Question 32

What is the function of a third-order neurone?

Answer 32

Projects axon to specific area of cerebral cortex

Question 33

How are sensory pathways organised?

Answer 33

first/second/third order neurons

Question 34

How are motor pathways organised?

Answer 34

Upper/lowe motor neurone

Question 35

What is the role of the upper motor neurone

Answer 35

The neuron begins in the motor cortex, and projects the axon down the brainstem to the ventral horn (which is part of the spinal cord)

Question 36

What is the role of the lower motor neurone?

Answer 36

Projects signal from ventral horn to the relevant muscle group

Question 37

What information is conveyed via the cranial nerves?

Answer 37

'special senses' * olfaction * vision * taste * hearing * balance

Question 38

What information is conveyed via the spinal nerves?

Answer 38

somatic senses * peripheral information

Question 39

What does the somatosensory system do?

Answer 39

handles * touch * temperature * body position

Question 40

What does decussate mean?

Answer 40

cross over

Question 41

What is the difference in the role of the dorsal horns vs ventral horns?

Answer 41

* dorsal: recieve sensory * ventral: send motor

Question 42

Where are tracts located?

Answer 42

In the white matter of the spinal cord

Question 43

What tract is the pink?

Answer 43

Spinocerebellar

Question 44

What tract is the blue?

Answer 44

Spinothalmic

Question 45

What tract is the purple?

Answer 45

Dorsal column

Question 46

Where do most of the fibres in the corticospinal tract come from?

Answer 46

Motor areas ## Footnote damage to them -> stroke

Question 47

How does neurone decussate location affect the damage from spinal cord injuries?

Answer 47

Some neurones decussate immediately and some do it when closer to the medulla. This means that injuries further down the spinal cord are more likely to damage one side of the body, and injuries further up are more likely to damage both.

Question 48

What is the effect of a unilateral lesion in the cerebral hemisphere or brainstem?

Answer 48

contralateral paralysis

Question 49

What is the effect of a unilateral lesion in the spinal cord?

Answer 49

Ipsilateral limb paralysis