Respiration

Question 1

Where does air move during inspiration?

Answer 1

From external environment to alveoli

Question 2

Where does air move during expiration?

Answer 2

From alveoli to external environment

Question 3

Answer 3

Nasal cavity

Question 4

Answer 4

Larynx

Question 5

Answer 5

trachea

Question 6

Answer 6

main bronchii

Question 7

Answer 7

diaphram

Question 8

Answer 8

pharynx

Question 9

How does the body prevent particles entering the body via breathing?

Answer 9

• nostril hairs
• epithelium cilia (mucus)

Question 10

Why is it good for air to stay in the naval cavity for as long as possible?

Answer 10

Warms it up

Question 11

Which lung is smaller and why?

Answer 11

Left because of the heart

Question 12

What are the 7 levels airways branch into?

Answer 12

1. Trachea
2. Bronchi
3. Bronchioles
4. Terminal bronchioles
5. Respiratory bronchioles
6. Alveolar ducts
7. Alveolar sacs

Question 13

What is the purpose of type 1 alveolar cells?

Answer 13

Provide structure

Question 14

What is the purpose of type 2 alveolar cells?

Answer 14

They secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension

Without it, lungs would collapse

Question 15

Where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 15

The alveoli

Question 16

Give 3 functions of the respiratory system

Answer 16

• Gas exchange surface
• Warms, filters, humidifies air
• Defends against foreign materials
• Oxygen / CO2
• Regulates blood PH and body temperature

Question 17

What is the relationship between blood flow, pressure and resistance?

Answer 17

Question 18

What is boyles law?

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

thorracic wall

Question 20

Answer 20

visceral pleura

Question 21

Answer 21

parietal pleura

Question 22

Answer 22

intrapleural fluid

Question 23

What are the 3 pressure differences involved in ventilation?

Answer 23

1. Difference between alveoli and atmosphere
2. transpulmonary
3. chest wall

Question 24

What pressure difference is responsible for the flow of air?

Answer 24

Difference between alveoli and atmosphere

Question 25

What is transpulmonary pressure?

Answer 25

Difference between alveoli pressure and intrapleural

Question 26

What is the role of transpulmonary pressure?

Answer 26

Pressure diff holding lung open

Question 27

What is the chest wall pressure?

Answer 27

Fifference between intepleural and atmospheric

Question 28

What is the role of the chest wall pressure?

Answer 28

Holds chest wall in

Question 29

Why must the transpulmonary pressure always be positive?

Answer 29

Because the lungs always have air in them | P(alv)>P(iv)

Question 30

What are causes of negative intrapleural pressure?

Answer 30

* Lungs collapsing inwards * Chest wall expanding outwards

Question 31

What part of the brain is responsible for respiration?

Answer 31

Brain stem

Question 32

Where are the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups (DRG, VRG) located?

Answer 32

Medullary respiratory centre

Question 33

What is the most important muscle for inspiration?

Answer 33

The diaphram

Question 34

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

Answer 34

* abdominal contents are forced downwards and forwards * Ribs are lifted and move otwards * External intercostal muscles contract -> ribs move up and forwards

Question 35

For inspiration and expiration, which is active or passive?

Answer 35

Inspiration: active expiration: passive

Question 36

Give an example of active expiration

Answer 36

* Exercise * Hyperventilation

Question 37

Which muscles are involved in active expiration?

Answer 37

* abdominal muscles * Internal intercostal muscles

Question 38

Explain what resting minute ventilation shows

Answer 38

* lung capacity and volume * Tidal volume * respiratory rate