Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
What does the ureter connect?
A
Kidney to bladder
2
Q
What does the urethera connect?
A
Bladder to the body exit
3
Q
What is nephrology?
A
Study of anatomy/physiology/pathology of the kidneys
4
Q
A
kidneys
5
Q
A
Ureters
6
Q
A
urinary bladder
7
Q
A
Urethra
8
Q
A
uterus
9
Q
A
ovary
10
Q
A
Rectum
11
Q
A
Inferior vena cava
12
Q
A
abdominal aorta
13
Q
A
esophagus
14
Q
A
diaphram
15
Q
What hormones do the kidneys produce?
A
Calcitrol (vit D)
Erythroprietinn (RBC)
16
Q
What does retroperiotoneal mean?
A
back of the body
17
Q
What provides protection to the kidneys?
A
The lower ribs
18
Q
A
Renal hilum
19
Q
A
adrenal glands
20
Q
A
ureter
21
Q
A
Renal cortex
22
Q
A
renal medulla
23
Q
A
renal column
24
Q
A
renal pyramid
25
Collecting duct
26
papilliary duct
27
minor calyx
28
major calyx
29
renal pelvis
30
ureter
31
What is the path of urine drainage?
* Collection duct
* Papilliary duct
* Minor Calyx
* Major calyx
* Renal Pelvis
* Ureter
* Bladder
32
How many calyces per kidney?
8-18 minor
2-3 major
33
What is the parenchyma
Functional portion of kidneys
34
What makes up the parenchyma?
Renal cortex + pyramids
35
How does blood flow through the kidneys?
## Footnote
RSIAC, AGEP, PC(r)AIR
1. Arteries (Renal, segmental, interlobar, arcuate, cortical radiate)
2. (Arterioles/Capiliaries/A/C) afferent, Glomerular, Efferent, peritubular
3. Veins (Peritubular, cortical radiate, arcuate, interlobar, renal)
## Footnote
1. Ria should ingest a chocolate, 2. And get extra protein 3. Proteins cravings are internal requests
36
What are the 2 parts of a nephron?
* Renal corpuscle
* Renal tubule
37
What does the renal corpuscle do?
Filters the blood
38
What do the renal tubules do?
Return good stuff from blood back to body
39
What are the 2 types of nephrons?
* Cortical
* Juxtamedullary
40
What does the nephron do?
1. Glemerular filtration
2. Tubular secretion
3. Tubular reabsorption
41
What makes up the renal corpuscle?
The glomerulus
42
glomerulus
43
cortical nephron
44
Juxtamedullary nephron
45
minor calyx
46
How does fluid flow through a cortical nephron?
1. glomerular capsule
2. proximal convoluted tubule
3. nephron loop
4. distal convoluted tubule
5. collecting duct
47
What is the role of the cortical nephron?
Creates urine
48
What is the purpose of a juxtamedullary nephron
enables the kidney to secrete very concentrated urine
49
How does fluid flow through a juxtamedullary nephron?
1. Glomerular capsule
2. proximal convoluted tubule
3. nephron loop
4. Distal convoluted tubule
50
What are the 2 main components of the renal corpuscle?
1. Glomerulus
2. Glomerular capsule
51
What is the glomerulus?
* mass of capillaries
52
Where does filtrate go in the glomerular capsule?
between the visceral and parietal layers
53
What is the structure of glomerular endothelial cells?
* They have large pores and are leaky
54
Why are the endothelial cells of the glomerular 'leaky'?
* Prevents filtration of bood cells whist alowing blood plasma to pass through
55
What is the purpose of the membranes of the glomerulus?
prevents filtration of medium/larger proteins
56
What are pedicels?
Formed by podocytes
control substance movement
57
pedicel
58
What are the 3 parts of the renal tubule?
* Proximal convoluted tubule
* nephron loop
* distal convoluted tubule
59
Where do collecting ducts empty?
papillary ducts
60
Explain the physiology of the renal tube
1. Glomerular filtration
2. Tubular reabsorption
3. Tubular secretion
61
How does the production of dilute urine differ from concentrated urine?
* ADH controls the amount of water lost in pee
62
What is haemodialysis?
removal of wastes and excess electrolytes from patient's blood
63
Describe the structure of the ureters
thick-walled
narrow
64
Why does the bladder not backflow when full?
No valve at opening
Ureters enter obliquely, these openings are compressed when the bladder is full
65
What are the 3 layers of the ureters?
* Mucosa
* Muscularis
* Adventitia
66
Describe the structure of the mucosa
* Transitional epithelium
* Underlying laminate propria
67
How does the mucosa behave when the ureters are full?
it stretches
68
Describe the structure of the muscularis
* Inner longitudinal and outer circular layers of smooth muscle
69
What is the role of the muscularis?
* contracts when urine in ureter
* helps propel urine to bladder
70
Describe the structure of the adventitia
Superficial layer containing blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
71
What is micturition?
The act of peeing
72
Which muscles contract and relax when you pee?
relax: internal urethral spincter
contract: detrusor muscle
73
detrusor muscle
74
What is the difference in size for male and female urethras?
Male: 20cm
Female : 4cm
75
What are the 2 tissue layers in the urthera?
1. deep mucosa
2. superficial muscularis
76
What are the 3 anatomical regions in the male urethra?
1. Prostatic urethra
2. Intermediate urethra
3. Spongy urethra
77
Why are women more likely to have STIs?
Shorter urethra tract than males
78
rectum
79
postatic urethra
80
intermediate urethra
81
spongy urethra
82
prostate
83
What are the 2 types of catheters
1. foley (<30days)
2. intermittant (<1day)
