Cerebral Cortex Flashcards
what is the cerebral cortex
vast collection of cell bodies, axons, and dendrites covering the surface of cerebral hemispheres
what is layer III of cerebral cortex
external pyramidal layer
what is layer V of cerebral cortex
internal pyramidal layer
what is the major output neuron of the cerebral cortex
pyramidal cells
is the cortex white or gray matter?
gray
most cerebral cortex has 6 layers except for….
olfactory and medial temporal cortices (they have 3)
what are brodmann’s areas
52 histologic areas in the brain that have specific, functional cortical activity
primary sensory cortex
simple sensory discrimination among intensity and quality of input
primary somatosensory cortex function
discriminates shape, texture, + size of object
primary auditory cortex function
conscious discrimination of loudness + pitch of sounds
primary vestibular cortex function
discriminates head positions and movements relative to gravity
function of secondary sensory cortex
analyze information from primary sensory cortex and thalamus
prim = hear a noise
sec = determine its a dog
secondary auditory cortex function
contrasts sounds heard from memories and categorizes them (noise –> dog barking)
secondary visual cortex function
color + movements + keeping item in center of vision
what area of the brain do S1 and S2 send info to form the highest level of somatosensory processing
posterior parietal cortex (PPC)
posterior parietal cortex (PPC)
sends outputs to motor system ciritical for integration of sensory and motor info, motor planning, and spatial awareness
which cortex area classifies sound
secondary auditory cortex
primary vs secondary visual cortex
prim = light/dark, shapes, size, locations, movements
sec = colors, motions, visual object recognition, spatial awareness, visual fixation
where does the secondary visual cortex project info to
the superior colliculus for visual fixation
secondary visual cortex ventral vs dorsal streams
dorsal = action, through PPC to frontal lobe, adjusts limb movements
ventral = perception, though temporal lobe, recognizes objects
where is the parietotemporal association cortex + what is the function
at junction of parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes
intelligence, problem solving, constructs image of OWN BODY + planning movements
what does the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex do
self awareness
executive functions
what does the ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal association cortex do
both = impulse control, reactions to surroundings, personality
ventral = mood and affect (observable demeanor)
medial = perceives others’ emotions and makes assumptions about them
3 parts of the motor cortex
primary motor cortex
premotor cortex
supplemental motor area
