Cerebral Cortex Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
(27 cards)
the cerebral cortex consists of how many neurons
20 billion neurons
along with the corpus callosum, what connects the hemisphers?
anterior commisure
how much of the cortex is association cortex?
75%
via the cortico-cortical pathway, where do the association pathways recieve inputs from?
motor and sensory corticies
the association cortices send outputs to what areas?
cerebellum
basal ganglia
thalamus
hippocampus
other association cortices
lesions in the right parietal association cortex cause deficits in what?
attention: left side is neglected
which technique can be used to study parietal activity?
single elctrode
how do parietal association cortex neurons respond when shown one stimuli of interest along with a boring stimulus?
large response produced
invasive electrode recordings have shown that neurons in the parietal association cortex respond to…
either attention or maths, or both
temporal association cortex is involved in
object recognition and memory
lesions in the temporal association cortex cause deficits in…
recognition
what have single-cell recordings shown regarding neurons in the temporal association cortex?
individual neurons respond at different intensities to specific facial orientations
prosopagnosia is caused by a lesion to what brain area?
temporal association cortex
how can optogenetics have an inhibitory effect in the temporal cortex?
through hyperpolarisation caused by hydrogen ion outflux via rhodopsin
an inhibition of neurons in the temporal lobe has what result?
decrease in accuracy of detecting faces
what hormone is thought to improve prosopagnosia in autism?
oxytocin
lesion to prefrontal association cortex impair ability to perform…
tasks
prefrontal cortex neurons are heavily involved in what congitive task?
planning
PET scans have shown an increased activation in what area during planning?
dorsolateral frontal cortex
where is brocas area?
frontal association cortex?
where is wernickes area?
temporal association cortex
which hemisphere is more active when speaking native language?
left
there is a decrease in lateralisation of speech if a language is learnt past what age?
10
what is cortical thinning?
more myelination
