Cerebral Cortex (section 2)

Question 0

The gray matter can be divided into how many groups?

Answer 0

Six

Question 1

Approximately how many neurons are housed within the gray matter?

Answer 1

10 billion neurons

Question 2

Name all layers of the gray matter in the cortex

Answer 2

Molecular Layer (Layer I)
External Granular Layer (Layer II)
External Pyramidal Layer (Layer III)
Internal Granular Layer (Layer IV)
Internal Pyramidal Layer (Layer V)
Multiform Layer (Layer VI)

Question 3

Name all 5 types of neurons that are housed in the layers of the gray matter

Answer 3

Pyramidal Cells
Stellate Cells
Fusiform cells
Horizontal cells of Cajal
Cells of Martinotti

Question 4

Describe the organization of how the gray matter is organized

Answer 4

Vertical columns –> Functionally specialized areas –> Lobes or cortices –> Functional circuits

Question 5

Name the three pathways that functional circuits and white matter can be categorized into

Answer 5

Association fibers
Commissural fibers
Projection fibers

Question 6

What are Association fibers?

Answer 6

Pathway in which they connect other regions within the same hemisphere

Question 7

Describe projection fibers

Answer 7

White matter to connect cortex from the thalamus

Question 8

Describe commissural fibers

Answer 8

connect regions in the contralateral hemisphere

Question 9

Name the five functional areas of the cortex

Answer 9

Primary Sensory Cortices
Sensory Association Cortices
Motor Planning Cortices
Primary Motor Cortices
Association Cortices

Question 10

Main function of Motor Planning cortices?

Answer 10

Organize/plan movement

Question 11

Main function of Association Cortices?

Answer 11

Behavior, emotions, memory, sensory interpretation

Question 12

Main function of Primary Sensory Cortices

Answer 12

Receives sensory information

Question 13

Main function of Sensory Association Cortices

Answer 13

Complex analysis of sensory information

Question 14

Main function of Primary Motor Cortices

Answer 14

Controls movement

Question 15

Anatomically, What is another title for the Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 15

The Post-Central Gyrus

Question 16

What function is housed in the Primary Somatosensory cortex

Answer 16

Contains somatotopic representation of the body (sensory homunculus)

Question 17

The primary somatosensory cortex receives input from what other structure?

Answer 17

Thalamus

Question 18

Location or boundaries of Somatosensory Association cortex

Answer 18

Superior parietal lobule and supramarginal gyrus

Question 19

A lesion of the somatosensory association cortex can cause what?

Answer 19

Asterognosis

Question 20

Function of Somatosensory Association cortex

Answer 20

Stereognosis and memory of the tactile and spatial environment

Question 21

Lesion to the somatosensory cortex produces what?

Answer 21

deficits in discrimitive touch and position sense

Question 22

What gyri are associated with the Primary Visual Cortex

Answer 22

Cuneus and lingual gyri

Question 23

Function of Primary Visual Cortex

Answer 23

Distinguishes intensity of light, shape, size, and location of objects

Question 24

What area fuses the inputs from both eyes into one image?

Answer 24

Primary Visual cortex

Question 25

Function of Visual Association Cortex

Answer 25

Analysis of motion, color, control of visual fixation

Question 26

Location of Auditory Association Cortex

Answer 26

Superior Temporal gyrus

Question 27

What cortex is located in Medial and Lateral occipital gyri as well as the angular gyrus

Answer 27

Visual Association Cortex

Question 28

Which cortex determines conscious discrimination of loudness and pitch of sounds?

Answer 28

Primary Auditory Cortex

Question 29

Function of Visual Association Cortex?

Answer 29

The analysis of motion, color, control of visual fixation

Question 30

Which cortex is important in the interpretation of sounds

Answer 30

Auditory Association Cortex

Question 31

This cortex is located in superior temporal gyrus and the transverse temporal gyri of Heschl in the temporal lobe

Answer 31

Primary Auditory Cortex

Question 32

A lesion to this area makes spoken language difficult to understand

Answer 32

Auditory Association Cortex (Wernike’s area)

Question 33

Lesion in the Primary Visual Cortex would have what affect?

Answer 33

Homonymous hemianopia (Visual field loss to contralateral side)

Question 34

Neurons in this region respond to different frequencies of sound?

Answer 34

Primary Auditory Cortex (this is tonotopic organization)

Question 35

Which cortex consists of the uncus, pirirform cortex, the periamygdaloid, and part of the parahippocampal gyrus

Answer 35

Primary Olfactory Cortex

Question 36

What four agnosias can lesions of the association cortices cause?

Answer 36

1. Tactile Agnosia (also called Asterognosis)
2. Visual Agnosia
3. Prosopagnosia
4. Auditory Agnosia

Question 37

Which agnosia is defined as the inability to recognize faces

Answer 37

Prosopagnosia

Question 38

Auditory agnosia is?

Answer 38

The inability to recognize familiar sounds and words