Cerebral Hemispheres

Question 1

What is a sulcus?

Answer 1

Dip/groove in the brain

Question 2

What is a gyrus?

Answer 2

Elevation of the brain next to the sulcus

Question 3

Where is grey matter found in the brain?

Answer 3

Around the outside

Question 4

Where is white matter found in the brain?

Answer 4

In the centre

Question 5

What are the basal ganglia?

Answer 5

Collection of neuronal cell bodies buried in the white matter

Question 6

What is the lateral ventricle?

Answer 6

Cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 7

What is a fissure?

Answer 7

Larger dip than a sulcus in the brain

Question 8

Which groove separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 8

Longitudinal fissure

Question 9

Why is the mean longitudinal fissure shiny in appearance?

Answer 9

Due to the meninges covering it

Question 10

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 10

The bridge that allows the 2 hemispheres of the brain to communicate

Question 11

What type of fibres are found in the corpus callosum?

Answer 11

Commissural fibres

Question 12

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 12

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

Question 13

What does the lateral sulcus separate?

Answer 13

Separates the frontal from the parietal lobe

Question 14

How many areas are there in the brain?

Answer 14

52

Question 15

Which love of the brain has motor functions?

Answer 15

Frontal lobe

Question 16

Which part of the brain deals with somatosensory information?

Answer 16

Parietal

Question 17

What part of the brain deals with vision?

Answer 17

Occipital

Question 18

Which part of the brain deals with hearing and smell?

Answer 18

Temporal

Question 19

What is area 4?

Answer 19

Primary motor cortex

Pre central grus

Question 20

What is area 44 and 45?

Answer 20

Broca’s area of motor speech

Question 21

What does the prefrontal cortex deal with?

Answer 21

Cognitive functions of higher order e.g intellect, judgement, prediction and planning

Question 22

Which areas are primary sensory areas?

Answer 22

Areas 1,2,3

Question 23

Does the brain receive general sensations from the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?

Answer 23

Contralateral

Question 24

What is area 41, 42?

Answer 24

Primary auditory cortex

Question 25

What is Wernickes area?

Answer 25

Area of the cerebrum crucial for comprehension of speech

Question 26

In which gyrus does the primary auditory cortex lie?

Answer 26

Superior Temporal gyrus

Question 27

Which area lies either side of the calcarine sulcus of the occipital lobe?

Answer 27

Primary visual cortex

Question 28

What is area 17?

Answer 28

Primary visual cortex

Question 29

What is area 18 and 19?

Answer 29

Visual association cortex

Question 30

What is the function of area 18 and 19?

Answer 30

Interpretation of visual images

Question 31

What is Broca's area?

Answer 31

Motor speech area

Question 32

What is aphasia?

Answer 32

When there is a problem with speech

Question 33

What is aphasia caused by?

Answer 33

Damage to one or more speech areas in the brain

Question 34

Describe Broca's aphasia

Answer 34

Understand speech Knows what they want to say But motor speech has been damage Struggle to get their words out

Question 35

Describe Wernicke's aphasia

Answer 35

Has fluent speech But cannot comprehend speech Isn't aware of mistakes in their speech Uses new meaningless words

Question 36

What are the 3 types of myelinated axon fibres?

Answer 36

Commisural fibres Association fibres Projection fibres

Question 37

Where are commisural fibres found?

Answer 37

Corpus callosum

Question 38

What are association fibres?

Answer 38

Fibres that connect one part of the cortex with the other | I.e connect primary areas to association areas

Question 39

What are projection fibres?

Answer 39

Fibres that run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres

Question 40

What do projection fibres pass through?

Answer 40

Corona radiata | Internal Capsule

Question 41

What is the internal capsule?

Answer 41

Really denselly concentrated area of white motor fibres

Question 42

What type of fibres run in the internal capsule?

Answer 42

Projection fibres

Question 43

Where is the internal capsule located?

Answer 43

Narrow area between the thalamus Caudate nucleus medially Lentiform nucleus laterally

Question 44

Where does the internal capsule derive its blood supply from?

Answer 44

Middle cerebral artery

Question 45

What are the basal ganglia?

Answer 45

Collection of neuronal cell bodies - grey matter

Question 46

Where are the basal ganglia located?

Answer 46

Deep within each cerebral hemisphere

Question 47

What makes up the basal ganglia?

Answer 47

Caudate nucleus Putamen Globus pallidus

Question 48

Why is the substantia nigra part of the basal ganglia and not part of it?

Answer 48

Functionally it is part of the basal ganglia but not anatomically

Question 49

Where is the substantia nigra located?

Answer 49

In the midbrain

Question 50

What is the lentiform nucleus made up of?

Answer 50

Globus pallidus medially | Putamen laterally

Question 51

Which basal ganglia lies in the wall of the lateral ventricles?

Answer 51

Caudate nucleus

Question 52

What lies beside the 3rd ventricles?

Answer 52

Thalamus

Question 53

Which basal ganglia are input regions?

Answer 53

Caudate nucleus and putamen

Question 54

Which basal ganglia are output regions?

Answer 54

Globus pallidus | Substantia nigra

Question 55

Where do input regions recieive input information from?

Answer 55

Thalamus | Area 4 and 6

Question 56

To go from the caudate nucleus to the putamen what does information have to cross?

Answer 56

The internal capsule

Question 57

Where do output regions primaroly project to?

Answer 57

Thalamus

Question 58

From the thalamus where is information sent?

Answer 58

Motor area of the cortex

Question 59

What is the major function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 59

Regulate initiation and termination of movements