Cells of the Nervous System

Question 1

What are the two types of cells found in the nervous system?

Answer 1

Neurons

Glial cells

Question 2

What are the features of a neurone?

Answer 2

Excitable cell

Carries AP

Question 3

What are the features of a glial cell?

Answer 3

Non-excitable supporting cell
Much more plentiful than neurons
Much smaller than neurons

Question 4

Describe the typical structure of a neuron

Answer 4

Dendrites
Cell Body
Axons
Synaptic terminal

Question 5

Are there multiple dendrites and one axon or multiple axons with one dendrite?

Answer 5

Multiple dendrites with one axon

Question 6

What cell organelles does a neuron contain?

Answer 6

Lots of mitochondria
rER
Diffuse golgi apparatus

Question 7

Do neurons have a high or low metabolic rate?

Answer 7

High

Question 8

What is the cytoplasm in the cell body of a neuron called?

Answer 8

Perikaryon

Question 9

What is the cytoplasm in the axon of a neuron called?

Answer 9

Axoplasm

Question 10

What is meant by amitotic?

Answer 10

Not going to regenerate

Question 11

Under what circumstances can neurons grow back?

Answer 11

If the cell body has not been damaged

Question 12

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

Answer 12

To insulate axons

Increase AP conduction speed

Question 13

What forms the myelin sheath in the PNS?

Answer 13

Schwann cells

Question 14

What forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?

Answer 14

Oligodendrocytes

Question 15

How do glial cells form the myelin sheath?

Answer 15

Their cell membranes wrap around the axon
Mesaxon i =s formed
Cytoplasm gets extruded leaving on the cell membrane

Question 16

What is MS?

Answer 16

Autoimmune disease in which the bodies immune system attacks the myelin sheath

Question 17

What is the cause of MS?

Answer 17

Idiopathic

Question 18

What does an MRI scan show with MS?

Answer 18

Whitish plaques of demyelination

Question 19

What is the prognosis for MS?

Answer 19

Variable

Question 20

Which country has the highest incidence of MS?

Answer 20

Scotland

Question 21

What are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 21

Pseuounipolar
Multipolar
Bipolar

Question 22

What type of neurons are typical neurons?

Answer 22

Multipolar

Question 23

What type of neuron are all sensory neurons?

Answer 23

Pseudounipolar

Question 24

Are bipolar neurons common or rare?

Answer 24

Rare

Question 25

Where are bipolar neurons found?

Answer 25

Retina of the eye

Question 26

What composes grey matter?

Answer 26

Cell bodies

Question 27

What composes white matter?

Answer 27

Myelinated ac=xons

Question 28

In the peripheral NS what do myelinated axons form?

Answer 28

Nerves

Question 29

In the PNS what do cell bodies form?

Answer 29

Ganglia

Question 30

What are the main parts of the brain?

Answer 30

Cerebrum Cerebellum Brainstem Diencephalon

Question 31

What composes the cerebrum?

Answer 31

2 cerebral hemispheres

Question 32

What composes the cerebellum?

Answer 32

2 cerebellar hemispheres

Question 33

What composes the brainstem?

Answer 33

Midbrain Pons Medulla

Question 34

What composes the diencephalon?

Answer 34

Thalamus | Hypothalamus

Question 35

Where is the stalk of the pituitary gland found?

Answer 35

Below the hypothalamus

Question 36

What are the 3 layers of cells in the developing embryo?

Answer 36

Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

Question 37

Which layer of the embryo forms the neural tube?

Answer 37

Ectoderm

Question 38

How is the does the ectoderm form the neural tube?

Answer 38

Thickening of the ectoderm occurs Neural plate thickens and fold over (invaginates) Tube has a cavity

Question 39

What are the cells in the periphery of the neural tube called?

Answer 39

Neural crest cells

Question 40

What does the cavity of the neural tube persist as in the adult brain?

Answer 40

Ventricles

Question 41

What do the ventricles of the brain contain?

Answer 41

CSF

Question 42

What are the ventricles of the brain?

Answer 42

``` Lateral ventricles Interventricular foramen 3rd ventricles Cerebral aqueduct 4th Ventricle ```

Question 43

What connects the 3rd ventricle to the lateral ventricles?

Answer 43

Interventricular foramen

Question 44

What connects the 4th ventricle to the 3rd ventricles?

Answer 44

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 45

What are the 3 meninges of the brain?

Answer 45

Dura Pia Arachnoid matter

Question 46

Where is CSF present in the meninges?

Answer 46

Subarachnoid space

Question 47

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 47

Choroid plexus

Question 48

What are the dural folds present in the brain?

Answer 48

Falx cerebri Falx cerebelli Tentorium cerebelli

Question 49

What does the falx cerebri separate?

Answer 49

Separate the cerebral hemispheres

Question 50

What does the falx cerebelli separate?

Answer 50

The 2 cerebellar hemispheres

Question 51

Where does the tentorium cerebelli lie?

Answer 51

Between the cerebrum and cerebellum