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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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2
Q

What are common causes of nerve compression?

A

Inflammation
Tumours
and Fraction

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3
Q

What do somatic motor fibres supply?

A

Supple striated muscle

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4
Q

Are somatic motor fibres voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

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5
Q

What do autonomic motor fibres supply?

A

The things we dont think about

e.g smooth muscle

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6
Q

What are visceral sensory nerves?

A

Receive inputs from afferent sources e.g pharynx, heart, lungs
We are not normally conscious of it

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7
Q

Where do inputs from general sensory nerves come from?

A

Afferent inputs
e.g touch temp pain
From skin and mucous membrane

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8
Q

What are the inputs for special sensory nerves?

A

Taste, hearing, smelling, vision and balance

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9
Q

Do somatic motor fibres synapse?

A

No

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10
Q

Do autonomic motor fibres synapse?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is CN I?

A

Olfactory neve

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12
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic nerve

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13
Q

What is CN III?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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14
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear

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15
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

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16
Q

What is CN VI?

A

Abducent nerve

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17
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial nerve

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18
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

Vestibulocohlear nerve

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19
Q

What is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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20
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus nerve

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21
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Accessory nerve

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22
Q

What is CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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23
Q

What is the main function of CN I?

A

Sensory smell

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24
Q

What is the main function of CN II?

A

Sensory vision

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25
What is the main function of CN III?
Motor (eye movement)
26
What is the main function of CN IV?
Motor (eye movement)
27
What is the function of CN V?
Mixed sensation | Muscles of facial expression, parasympathetic, taste
28
What is the function of CN VI?
Motor (eye movement)
29
What is the function of CN VII?
Mixed | Muscles of facial expression, parasympathetic, taste
30
What is the function of CN VIII?
Sensory (hearing and balance)
31
What is the function of CN IX?
Mixed Swallowing, sensation from tongue Parasympathetic supply
32
What is the function of CN X?
Mixed | Muscles of throat
33
What is the function of CN XI?
Motor | Soft palate, throat and neck
34
What is the function of CN XII?
Motor (tongue)
35
What is the pathway of CN I?
Receptors in olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity Olfactory nerve fibres pass through foraminfera in cribriform plate Enter olfactory bulb in anterior cranial fossa
36
What can a fracture cribriform plate cause?
Anosmia due to tearing of the olfactory nerve
37
What is the pathway of CN II?
Enters via optic canal nerve join to form optic chiasma Fibres from medial half of each retina cross to form optic tract
38
What are the components of CN II?
Special sensory | Sight
39
What would be the consequence of severing the right optic nerve?
Blindness in the right eye
40
What would be the consequence of severing the optic chiasma?
Would affect nasal fibre | Losing peripheral vision
41
What would be the effect of severing the right optic tract?
Blindness in the left temporal and right nasal fields | Losing left vision in both eyes
42
What is the pathway of CN III?
Emerges from the midbrain and exists via the superior orbital fissure
43
What are the somatic motor components of the CN III nerve?
``` Somatic motor - extraocular muscles and LPS Controls 4 muscles that move the eye IO MR SR IR ```
44
What is the visceral motor component of the CN III nerve?
parasympathetic to pupil causing constriction | And contraction of ciliaris causing accommodation of the lens
45
What would no pupillary reflex indicate?
Problem with CN VIII
46
What would no accommodation of the lens indicate?
Problem with CN VIII
47
What would abduction and inferior movement of the eyeball suggesT?
Problem with CNVIII
48
What is the pathway of CN IV?
Emerges from dorsal surface of midbrain | Exits via the superior orbital fissure
49
What is the somatic motor component of CN IV?
Extraocular muscle | SO
50
What is the pathway of CN VI?
emerges between pons and medullar and exits via the superior orbital fissure
51
What is the somatic motor component of CN VI?
Somatic motor control of extraocular muscle | Lateral rectus - abducts the eye
52
What is the clinical application of CN VI?
Medial deviation of the affected eye causing diplopia
53
What are the 3 divisions of CN V?
Opthalmic Maxillary Mandibular
54
What is the pathway of CN V1?
Emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the superior orbital fissure
55
What are the components of CN V1?
general sensory - from cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose and mucosa of nasal cavity and sinuses
56
What is the pathway of CN V2?
Emerges from the pons travels though the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen rotundum
57
What are the components of CN V2?
General sensory from face over maxilla, maxillary teeth, TMJ, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses and palate
58
What is the pathway of CN V3?
Emerges from the pons travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen ovale
59
What are the general sensory components of CN V3?
General sensory | From face over mandible, mandibular teeth, TMJ, mucosa of mouth and anterior 2/3rds of tongue
60
What are the somatic motor components of CN V3?
Muscles of mastication, part of diagastric, tensor, veli palatini and tensor tympani
61
What is the clinical application of CN V?
Paralysis of muscles of mastication Loss of corneal or sneezing reflex loss of sensation in the face Trigeminal neuralgia
62
What is the pathway for CN VII?
Emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen
63
What is the somatic motor component of CN VII?
Muscles of facial expression & scalp, stapedius of middle ear, part of diagastric muscle
64
What is the visceral motor component of CN VII?
Parasympathetic innervation of submandibular & sublingual salivary glands Lacrimal glands and glands of nose and palate
65
What is Bells Palsy caused by?
Injury/paralysis of the facial nerve
66
What does the vestibulo system control?
Controls sense of balance
67
What does the cochlear system control?
Controls sense of hearing
68
What are the special sensory components of CNVIII?
vestibular sensation from the semi-circular canals Utricle and saccule Hearing from cochlea (spiral organ)
69
What is tinnitus?
Ringing sensation in the ear
70
What is conductive hearing loss?
When there is a problem with conduction of vibrations through the ear
71
What is sensoneural hearing loss
When there is a problem with the inner ear preventing firing of AP to the cochlear nerve
72
What is vertigo?
Loss of balance
73
What is nystagmus?
Involuntary rapid eye movements
74
What is the pathway of CN IX?
Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen
75
What are the special sensory components of CN IX?
Taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue
76
From which nerve does taste from anterior 2/3 or the tongue come from?
Chorda tympani
77
What is the general sensory component of CN IX?
Cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity
78
What is the visceral sensory component of CN IX?
Sensation from carotid body & carotid sinus
79
What is the visceral motor component of CN IX?
Parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland
80
What is the somatic motor component of CN IX?
To stylopharyngeus - helps with swallowing
81
What is the pathway of CN X?
Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen then everywhere
82
What is the special sensory component of CNX?
Taste from epiglottis and palate
83
What is the general sensory component of CNX?
Sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus
84
What is the visceral component of CNX?
From pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, hear, oesophagus, stomach and intestine
85
What is the visceral motor component of CN X?
Parasympathetic innervation muscle in bronchi, gut, heat
86
What is the somatic motor component of CNX?
To pharynx, larynx, palate and oesophagus
87
What does damage to pharyngeal branches of CNX cause?
Difficulty in swallowing
88
What does damage to laryngeal branches off CNX cause?
Difficult in speaking
89
What is the pathway of CN XI?
Small cranial and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen
90
What is the motor component of CN XI?
Somatic motor - striated muscle of soft palate, pharynx & larynx and to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
91
What is the clinical significance of damage to CN XI?
Weakness in turning head and shoulder shrugging | Causes problems of innervation of the 2 major muscles
92
What is the pathway of CN XII?
Emerges from medulla and exits through the hypoglossal canal
93
What is the somatic motor components of CN XII?
To muscles of the tongue
94
What is the clinical significance of damage of CN XII?
Paralysis & atrophy of ipsilateral half of tongue | Tip of tongue deviates towards affected side

Neurology System (35 decks)

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