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Neurology System > Surgical Diseases of the Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots > Flashcards

Surgical Diseases of the Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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2
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

8

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3
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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4
Q

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

A

12

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5
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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6
Q

How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?

A

5

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7
Q

What type of joint is found between each vertebrae?

A

Intervertebral disc

Fibrous joint

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8
Q

Where is the nucleus pulposus located?

A

In the centre

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9
Q

Where is the annulus fibrosus located?

A

On the periphery of the nucleus pulposus

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10
Q

What structures do you pass through when performing a Lumbar puncture?

A

Supraspinal ligament, Interspinal ligament, Ligamentum flavum, dura

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11
Q

What is the 1st pop heard on a LP?

A

Going through ligamentum flavum

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12
Q

What is the 2nd pop on LP?

A

Going through the dura matter

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13
Q

Whats does the anterior horn of the spinal cord contain

A

Motor cell ganglia (cell bodies)

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14
Q

Where does the spinal cord extend from and to?

A

C1-L2

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15
Q

Where is a LP typically performed?

A

L4/L5

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16
Q

What does the spinal cord end as?

A

Cornus medularis

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17
Q

What does the spinal cord nerve extend as?

A

Cauda equina

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18
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate?

A

Filum terminale

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19
Q

What is the myotome for C5?

A

Elbow flexors

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20
Q

What is the myotome for C6?

A

Wrist extensors

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21
Q

What is the myotome for C7?

A

Elbow extensors

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22
Q

What is the myotome for C8?

A

Finger flexers

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23
Q

What is the myotome for T1?

A

Finger abduction

Intrinsic finger muscles

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24
Q

What is the myotome for L2?

A

Hip flexors

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25
What is the myotome for L3?
Knee extensors
26
What is the myotome for L4?
Ankle dorsiflexors
27
What is the myotome for L5?
Big toe extensors
28
What is the myotome for S1?
Ankle Plantar Flexors
29
What is a myotome?
Group of muscles that a single nerve innervates
30
What is a dermatome?
An area of the skin supplied by nerves from a single spinal root
31
Is weakness present in UMN or LMN lesions?
Both
32
Is atrophy present in UMN of LMN lesions?
LMN
33
Are reflexes increased in UMN or LMN lesions?
UMN
34
Are reflexes decreased in UMN or LMN lesions?
LMN
35
Is tone increased in UMN or LMN lesions?
UMN
36
Are fasiculations present in UMN or LMN lesions?
LMN
37
``` o Weakness in elbox below o Sensory level at C6 o Increased tone in legs o Brisk reflexes o Babrinski +ve What is the problem? ```
Myelopathy - UMN - neurlogical deficit due to compression of the spinal cord
38
What are the categories of problems concerning the spinal cord?
``` Degenerative Congenital Trauma Infection Tumour ```
39
What is a disc prolapse?
Acute herniation of intervertebral disc causing compression of spinal root or spinal cord
40
What is the investigations for disc prolapse?
MRI
41
Who does disc prolapse tend to affect?
Younger patients
42
What are the symptoms of disc prolapse?
Acute onset pain Acute pain down leg/arm Numbness (sensory) and weakness (motor) in distribution of nerve root involved
43
What is the management for disc prolapse?
Rehabilitation Nerve root injections Lumbar/cervical discectomy
44
Is cauda equina syndrome a medical emergency?
Yes
45
What are the red flag symptoms for cauda equina syndrome?
Bilateral sciatica Saddle anaethesia Urinary dysfunction
46
What does cauda equina syndrome require urgently?
MRI
47
What is the treatment for cauda equina syndrome?
Emergency lumbar discectomy
48
What is cervical spondylosis?
Umbrella term for degenerative changes in cervical spine leading to spine and nerve root compression
49
What is lumbar spinal stenosis?
Image result for lumbar spinal stenosiswww.spine-health.com | Lumbar spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back,
50
What are the symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis?
Pain down both legs (spinal claudication) | Worsening on walking/standing and relieved by sitting or bending forward
51
What is the treatment or lumbar spinal stenosis?
Lumbar laminectomy
52
What is a lumbar laminectomy?
Surgical procedure that creates space by removing the lamina Enlarging the spinal canal to relieve pressure on the cord
53
What % of spinal tumours are intradural?
40%
54
What % of tumours are extra dural?
55%
55
What % of tumours are intramedullary?
5%
56
Where are common primary sites for spinal cord tumours?
Lung Breast Prostate
57
If the patient has a known cancer and presents with back pain what should be ordered immediately?
MRI
58
What is osteomyelitis?
Infection within vertebral body
59
What is discitis?
Infection of intervertebral disc
60
What is an epidural abscess?
Infection in the epidural space
61
What are the 3 main symptoms for an epidural abscess?
Back pain Pyrexia Focal Neurology
62
What are the risk factors for epidural abscess?
IV drug abuse Diabetes Chronic renal failure Alcoholism
63
What are the responsible organisms for epidural abscess?
Staph aureus, streptococcus, E.coli
64
What is the treatment for epidural abscess?
Urgent surgical decompression | Long term IB Antibiotics
65
What are the risk factors for oesteomyelitis?
IV drug abuse, diabetes, chronic renal failure, alco

Neurology System (35 decks)

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