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👩🏻‍🔬 Neuroscience > Cerebrum > Flashcards

Cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

location of cerebrum

A
  • anterior and middle cranial fossae of the skull
  • whole concavity of the vault of the skull
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2
Q

forms the central core

A

diencephalon

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3
Q

forms the cerebral hemispheres

A

telencephalon

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4
Q

extends posteriorly to the point where the third ventricle becomes continuous with the cerebral aqueduct and anteriorly as far as the interventricular foramina

A

diencephalon

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5
Q

superior surface of the diencephalon is concealed by the

A

fornix

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6
Q

thick bundle of fibers that originates in the hippocampus of the temporal lobe and arches posteriorly over the thalamus to join the mammillary body

A

fornix

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7
Q
  • actual superior wall of the diencephalon is formed by the ___
  • This consists of a layer of ependyma, which is continuous with the rest of the ependymal lining of the third ventricle.
A

roof of the third ventricle.

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8
Q

vascular fold of pia mater

A

tela choroidea

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9
Q
  • vascular processes
  • project downward from the midline into the cavity of the third ventricle
A

choroid plexuses

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10
Q

consists of nerve fibers that connect the cerebral cortex with other parts of the brainstem and spinal cord

A

lateral surface

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11
Q

formed in its superior part by the medial surface of the thalamus and in its inferior part by the hypothalamus

A

medial surface

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12
Q

Medial surface are separated from one another by a shallow sulcus

A

hypothalamic sulcus

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13
Q

A bundle of nerve fibers, which are afferent fibers to the habenular nucleus, forms a ridge along the superior margin of the medial surface of the diencephalon and is called

A

stria medullarus thalami

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14
Q

diencephalon can be divided into four major parts

A
  • thalamus
  • subthalamus
  • epithalamus
  • hhypothalamus
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15
Q
  • large ovoid mass of gray matter that forms the major part of the diencephalon
  • serves as a cell station to all the main sensory systems (except the olfactory pathway)
A

thalamus

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16
Q

location of thalamus

A

each side of the third ventricle

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17
Q

of the thalamus is narrow and rounded and forms the posterior boundary of the interventricular foramen

A

anterior end

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18
Q
  • The posterior end of the thalamus is expanded to form the
  • overhangs the superior colliculus and the superior brachium
A

pulvinar

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19
Q

forms a small elevation on the under aspect of the lateral portion of the pulvinar.

A

lateral geniculate body

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20
Q

covered medially by the tela choroidea and the fornix, and laterally, it is covered by ependyma and forms part
of the floor of the lateral ventricle;

A

superior surface

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21
Q

The medial surface of the thalamus forms the superior part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle and is usually connected to the opposite thalamus by a band of gray matter, the

A

interthalamic connection

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22
Q

The lateral surface of the thalamus is separated from the lentiform nucleus by the very important band of white matter called the

A

internal capsule

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23
Q

location of subthalamus

A

between the thalamus and the tegmentum of the midbrain

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24
Q
  • shape of a biconvex lens
  • important connections with the corpus striatum
  • involved in the control of muscle activity
A

subthalamic nucleus

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25
Q

contains many important tracts that pass up from the tegmentum to the thalamic nuclei; the cranial ends of the medial, spinal, and trigeminal lemnisci are examples

A

subthalamus

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26
Q

location of habenular nucleus

A

medial to the posterior surface of the thalamus

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27
Q

believed to be a center for integration of olfactory, visceral, and somatic afferent pathways

A

hebenular nucleus

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28
Q
  • small, conical structure that is attached by the pineal stalk to the diencephalon
  • lies posterior to the midbrain
  • possesses no nerve cells
A

pineal gland

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29
Q

superior part of the base of the stalk contains the

A

habenular commissure

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30
Q

inferior part of the base of the stalk contains the

A

posterior commissure

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31
Q

Two types of cells are found in the gland

A

pinealocytes & glial cells

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32
Q

Concretions of calcified material called ___ progressively accumulate within the pineal gland with age

A

brain sand

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33
Q
  • important endocrine gland capable of influencing the activities of the pituitary gland, the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, the parathyroids, the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla, and the gonads
  • The gland has been found to be most active during darkness
A

pineal gland functions

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34
Q
  • present in high concentrations within the pineal gland
  • plays an important role in the regulation of reproductive function
A

melatonin

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35
Q
  • extends from the region of the optic chiasma to the caudal border of the mammillary bodies
  • lies below the hypothalamic sulcus on the lateral wall of the third ventricle
A

hypothalamus

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36
Q

Physiologically, nearly all the activities in the body are influenced by the

A

hypothalamus

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37
Q
  • controls and integrates the functions of the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine systems and plays a vital role in maintaining body homeostasis
  • regulation of body temperature, body fluids, drives to eat and drink, sexual behavior, and emotion
A

hypothalamus

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38
Q

Anterior to the hypothalamus is an area that extends forward from the optic chiasma to the lamina terminalis and the anterior commissure

A

pre optic area

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39
Q

location of thalamus

A

superior to the hypothalamus, and the subthalamic region lies inferolaterally to the hypothalamus

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40
Q

flattened bundle of nerve fibers situated at the junction of the anterior wall and floor of the third ventricle

A

optic chiasma

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41
Q

convex mass of gray matter, as seen from the inferior surface

A

tuber cinereum

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42
Q

hollow and becomes continuous with the posterior lobe of the hypophysis cerebri

A

infundibulum

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43
Q

raised part of the tuber cinereum to which is attached the infundibulum

A

median eminence

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44
Q

The median eminence, the infundibulum, and the posterior lobe (pars nervosa) of the hypophysis cerebri together form the

A

neurohypophysis

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45
Q

two small hemispherical bodies situated side by side posterior to the tuber cinereum

A

mammillary bodies

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46
Q

slitlike cleft between the two thalami

A

third ventricle

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47
Q

formed by a thin sheet of gray matter, the lamina terminalis, across which runs the anterior commissure

A

anterior wall

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48
Q

formed by the opening into the cerebral aqueduct

A

posterior wall

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49
Q

formed by the medial surface of the thalamus superiorly and the hypothalamus inferiorly

A

lateral wall

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50
Q

The lateral wall is limited superiorly by the

A

stria medullaris thalami

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51
Q

The lateral walls are joined by the

A

interthalamic connection

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52
Q

formed by a layer of ependyma that is continuous with the lining of the ventricle

A

superior wall or roof

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53
Q

largest part of the brain

A

cerebral hemisphere

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54
Q

deep midline sagittal fissure

A

longitudinal cerebral fissure

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55
Q

fissure contains the sickle-shaped fold of dura mater ___ and the anterior cerebral arteries.

A

falx cerebri

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56
Q
  • great commissure
  • connects the hemispheres across the midline
A

corpus callosum

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57
Q

increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex maximally

A

folds or gyri

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58
Q

gyri are separated from each other by

A

sulci or fissure

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59
Q

___ and ___ boundaries used for the division of the cerebral hemisphere into frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes

A

parieto-occipital sulci & calcarine sulci

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60
Q

only sulcus of any length on this surface of the hemisphere that indents the superomedial border and lies between two parallel gyri

A

central sulcus

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61
Q
  • deep cleft found mainly on the inferior and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere.
  • It consists of a short stem that divides into three rami.
A

lateral sulcus

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62
Q
  • begins on the superior medial margin of the hemisphere about 2 in (5 cm) anterior to the occipital pole
  • passes downward and anteriorly on the medial surface to meet the calcarine sulcus
A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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63
Q
  • found on the medial surface of the hemisphere
  • commences under the posterior end of the corpus callosum and arches upward and backward to reach the occipital pole, where it stops
A

calcarine sulcus

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64
Q

occupies the area anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus

A

frontal lobe

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65
Q

occupies the area posterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus; it extends posteriorly as far as the parieto-occipital sulcus

A

parietal lobe

66
Q

largest commissure of the brain

A

corpus collosum

67
Q

begins beneath the anterior end of the corpus callosum and continues above the corpus callosum until it reaches its posterior end

A

cingulate gyrus

68
Q

The gyrus is separated from the corpus callosum by the

A

callosal sulcus

69
Q

area of the cerebral cortex that surrounds the indentation produced by the central sulcus on the superior border.

A

paracentral lobule

70
Q

area of cortex bounded anteriorly by the upturned posterior end of the cingulate sulcus and posteriorly by the parieto—occipital sulcus

A

prenuneaus

71
Q

triangular area of corteX bounded above by the parieto-occipital sulcus, inferiorly by the calcarine sulcus, and posteriorly by the superior medial margin

A

cuneus

72
Q
  • situated on the inferior surface of the hemisphere
  • This runs anteriorly below the calcarine sulcus
A

collateral sulcus

73
Q

Between the collateral sulcus and the calcarine sulcus is the

A

lingual gyrus

74
Q

extends from the occipital pole to the temporal pole.

A

medial occipitotemporal gyrus

75
Q
  • Located in the interior of the cerebral hemispheres are the
  • occupy one cerebral hemisphere
  • Each ventricle is a roughly C-shaped cavity lined with ependyma and filled with CSF
A

lateral ventricles

76
Q

occupies the parietal lobe, and from which anterior, posterior, and inferior horns extend into the frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes

A

body

77
Q

The lateral ventricle communicates with the cavity of the third ventricle through the

A

interventricular foramen

78
Q

applied to a collection of masses of gray matter situated within each cerebral hemisphere

A

basal nuclei

79
Q

situated lateral to the thalamus

A

corpus striatum

80
Q
  • divided by a band of nerve fiber
  • into the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus
A

internal capsule

81
Q

___, a large C-shaped mass of gray matter that is closely related to the lateral ventricle, lies lateral to the thalamus

A

caudate nucleus

82
Q

wedge-shaped mass of gray matter whose broad convex base is directed laterally and its blade medially

A

lentiform nucleus

83
Q
  • situated in the temporal lobe close to the uncus
  • considered part of the limbic system
A

amygdaloid nucleus

84
Q

thin sheet of gray matter that is separated from the lateral surface of the lentiform nucleus by the external capsule

A

claustrum

85
Q
  • connect corresponding regions of the two hemispheres
  • corpus callosum, the anterior commissure, the posterior commissure, the fornix, and the habenular commissure
A

commissure fibers

86
Q

largest commissure of the brain, connects the two cerebral hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

87
Q

small bundle of nerve fibers that crosses the midline in the lamina terminalis

A

anterior commissure

88
Q
  • bundle of nerve fibers that crosses the midline immediately above the opening of the cerebral aqueduct into the third ventricle
  • fibers from the pretectal nuclei involved in the pupillary light reflex are believed to cross in this commissure on their way to the para- sympathetic part of the oculomotor nuclei
A

posterior commissure

89
Q

composed of myelinated nerve fibers and constitutes the efferent system of the hippocampus that passes to the mammillary bodies of the hypo- thalamus

A

fornix

90
Q

small bundle of nerve fibers that crosses the midline in the superior part of the root of the pineal stalk

A

habenular commissure

91
Q

nerve fibers that essentially connect various cortical regions within the same hemisphere and may be divided into short and long groups

A

association fibers

92
Q

lie immediately beneath the cortex and connect adjacent gyri

A

short association fibers

93
Q

collected into named bundles that can be dissected in a formalin-hardened brain

A

long association fibers

94
Q

Afferent and efferent nerve fibers passing to and from the brainstem to the entire cerebral cortex must travel between large nuclear masses of gray matter within the cerebral hemisphere

A

projection fibers

95
Q

flanked medially by the caudate nucleus and the thalamus and laterally by the lentiform nucleus

A

internal capsule

96
Q

consists of the third ventricle and the structures that form its boundaries

A

diencephalon

97
Q

very important cell station that receives the main sensory tracts

A

thalamus

98
Q

consists of nerve cells associated with the red nuclei and substantia nigra and is involved in control of muscle activity.

A

subthalamus

99
Q

consists of the habenular nuclei and pineal gland

A

epithalamus

100
Q

integration of visceral and somatic pathways

A

habenular nuclei

101
Q

endocrine gland and melatonin

A

pineal gland

102
Q

controls and integrates the functions of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine systems and plays a vital role in maintaining body homeostasis

A

hypothalamus

103
Q

separates the frontal and parietal lobes

A

central sulcus

104
Q

gyrus ___ contains motor cells that initiate the movements of the contralateral
side of the body

A

anterior

105
Q

gyrus ___ contains general sensory cortex that receives sensory information from the contralateral side of the body.

A

posterior

106
Q

deep cleft on the inferior lateral cerebral hemisphere, between frontal and temporal lobes

A

lateral sulcus

107
Q

lies deep to the lateral sulcus

A

insula

108
Q

located on the medial side of the hemisphere, running inferiorly to intersect the calcarine

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

109
Q
  • found on the medial surface of the hemispheres, in the occipital lobe
  • Primary visual cortex is located here
A

calcarine sulcus

110
Q

occupies the area anterior to the central sulcus and is divided by three sulci into three gyri.

A

frontal lobe

111
Q

occupies the area inferior to the lateral sulcus and is divided into three gyri by two sulci.

A

temporal lobe

112
Q

occupies the area behind the parieto-occipital sulcus

A

occipital lobe

113
Q

collection of gray matter masses including the corpus striatum, amygdaloid nucleus, and the claustrum

A

basal nuclei

114
Q
  • composed of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus, both separated by the internal capsule
  • involved in muscular movement control through communications with the cortex
A

corpus striatum

115
Q
  • separated from the lentiform nucleus by the external capsule
  • function is unknown
A

claustrum

116
Q

located in the temporal lobe adjacent to the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle

A

amygdaloid nucleus

117
Q

myelinated fibers connecting two corresponding regions of the two hemispheres

A

commissure fibers

118
Q

It is bounded laterally by the internal capsule

A

diencephalon

119
Q

It contains high concentrations of melatonin

A

pineal gland

120
Q

Functionally, it plays a role in the release of pituitary hormones

A

hypothalamus

121
Q

It gives off efferent fibers that pass to the sympathetic and parasympathetic outflows in the brain and spinal cord.

A

hypothalamus

122
Q

The posterior wall is formed by the opening into the cerebral aqueduct and the pineal recess.

A

third ventricle

123
Q

In the depths of the fissure, the corpus callosum crosses the midline.

A

longitudinal cerebral fissure

124
Q

extends onto the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere

A

central sulcus

125
Q

It communicates with the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen

A

lateral ventricle

126
Q

Most of the fibers within the corpus callosum
interconnect symmetrical areas of the cerebral
cortex

A

corpus callosum

127
Q

When traced laterally, an anterior bundle of fibers curves forward to join the olfactory tract

A

anterior commissure

128
Q

The corpus striatum is concerned with muscular movement

A

basal ganglia

129
Q

extends anteriorly as far as the interventricular foramen

A

diencephalon

130
Q

situated on the lateral wall of the third ventricle

A

thalamus

131
Q

consists of the habenular nuclei and their connections and the pineal gland

A

epithalamus

132
Q

secretions are translucent to x-rays

A

pineal

133
Q

inhibits the release of the gonadotrophic hormone from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

A

melatonin

134
Q

There is an increased production of the secretions of the pineal gland during

A

darkness

135
Q

stimulated by the sympathetic nerve endings

A

pinealocytes

136
Q

thalamus may be joined to the thalamus of the opposite side by the

A

interthalamic connection

137
Q

large ovoid mass of gray matter

A

thalamus

138
Q

formed by the lower part of the lateral wall and floor of the third ventricle, below the hypo- thalamic sulcus

A

hypothalamus

139
Q

of the hypothalamus are composed of groups of small nerve cells

A

nuclei

140
Q

influence on the activities of the autonomic and endocrine systems

A

hypothalamus

141
Q

receives many afferent visceral and somatic sensory nerve fibers

A

hypothalamus

142
Q

assists in the regulation of water metabolism

A

hypothalamus

143
Q

plays a role in controlling emotional states

A

hypothalamus

144
Q

communicate directly with the lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramina

A

third ventricle

145
Q

projects from the roof of the third ventricle to form the choroid plexus

A

vascular tela choroidea

146
Q

The wall of the third ventricle is lined with

A

ependyma

147
Q

cerebral fissure contains a fold of dura mater, the falx cerebri

A

longitudinal

148
Q

lies above the longitudinal cerebral fissure

A

superior sagittal venous sinus

149
Q

lies in the lower border of the falx cerebri in the longitudinal cerebral fissure

A

inferior sagittal venous sinus

150
Q

lies anterior to the central sulcus

A

frontal lobe

151
Q

lies posterior to the central sulcus

A

parietal lobe

152
Q

C shaped and filled with cerebrospinal fluid

A

lateral ventricle

153
Q

of the lateral ventricle occupies the parietal lobe

A

body

154
Q

possess a choroid plexus

A

lateral ventricle

155
Q

of the lateral ventricle occupies the frontal lobe

A

anterior horn

156
Q

connected to the fornix by the septum pellucidum

A

corpus callosum

157
Q

of the corpus callosum connects the genu to the lamina terminalis

A

rostrum

158
Q

embedded in the superior part of the lamina terminalis

A

anterior commussure

159
Q

of the interventricular foramen is formed by the anterior pillar of the fornix and not the anterior commissure

A

anterior boundary

160
Q

formed by a small bundle of nerve fibers

A

anterior commissure

161
Q

wedge shaped, as seen on horizontal section

A

lentiform nucleus

👩🏻‍🔬 Neuroscience (11 decks)

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