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Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general characteristics of cestodes?

A 
Flat body and no alimentary canal 
Nutrients absorbed through tegument 
Scolex (head) 
Strobila (body) with proglottid 
Hermaphroditic 
Indirect life cycle
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2
Q

What is the infection site of adult tapeworms?

A

Small intestine

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3
Q

What are the three differences between cyclophylliea and pseudophyllidea?

A

Cyclophyllidea: 1 IH, scolex with suckers, egg with oncopshere

Pseudophyllidea: 2IH, scolex with bothria, egg with oncosphere and cilia for motility

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4
Q

Common name of Dipylidium caninum?

A

Flea tapeworm, double-pore tapeworm, cucumber tapeworm , dog tapeworm

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5
Q

Final host of Diplylidium caninum?

A

Cat
Dog
Human

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6
Q

Intermediate host to Dipylidium caninum?

A

Flea and louse

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7
Q

Identify

Dog/cat

Fresh segment looking like a cucumber seed in the bedding
Dried segment like a grain of rice

A

Dipylidium caninum

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8
Q

What cestode of dogs and cats produces eggs in packets that are ingested by a flea?

A

Dipylidium caninum

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9
Q

What is the infective stage of Dipylidium caninum?

A

Cysticercoid in flea

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10
Q

What is the PPP of Dipylidum caninum?

A

3wks

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11
Q

What is the pathogenesis and signs of a Dipylidium caninum infection?

A

Adults are usually non pathogenic

Excessive grooming->fleas

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12
Q

What are the diagnostic methods for Dipylidium caninum?

A

Segments

Adhesive/scotch tape

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13
Q

What are the fowl cestodes?

A

Choanotaenia and Raillientina spp

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14
Q

What is the host to Choanotaenia spp?

A

Domestic fowl and wild fowl

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15
Q

Site of infection of fowl cestodes

A

Small intestine

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16
Q

Intermediate host os fowl cestodes?

A

Arthropoda-ant, bottle, houseflies

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17
Q

What is the infective stage of fowl cestodes?

A

Cystercercoid in arthropod

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18
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Choanotaenia and Raillietina spp?

A

Fowl cestode

Choanotaenia- pathogenic in large numbers

Raillietinea spp- chronic infection causes reduced growth, emaciation and weakness -> nodular tapeworm disease

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19
Q

What is the most reliable method of diagnosis or Choanotaenia and Raillietinea spp?

A

Necropsy

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20
Q

What are the equine cestodes? What one is more common?

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata -more common

Anoplocephala magna

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21
Q

Identify

Equine
Short broad, 4cm
Rounded scolex with lappets

A

A. Perfoliata

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22
Q

Identify

Equine
Large cestode up to 80cm
No lappets

A

A. Magna

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23
Q

Fecal flotation from equine
Eggs 80um, irregular shape (trangualr to trapezoidal)
Embryo with pyriform apparatus

A

Anoplocephala spp.

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24
Q

What is the IH to Anoplocephala spp?

A

Orbatid mites

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25
What is the PPP of Anoplocephala spp?
1-2months
26
What is the pathogenesis of Anoplocephala perfoliata | ?
Heavy infection-> ulceration and ill health Localized near iliocecal valve-> partial occlusion of valve Intussusception
27
Diagnosis of Anoplocephala spp?
Centrifuge and float eggs ELISA Sedimentation test
28
What is the ruminant cestode spp?
Moniezia spp
29
Common name of Moniezia spp?
Milk tapeworm Double pored ruminant tapeworm Sheep tapeworm
30
What are the final hosts of Moniezia spp?
Sheep, goat, cattle
31
Intermediate host of Moniezia ?
Orbatid mite
32
Identify Ruminant Adult- 2meters with unarmed scolex with suckers Eggs triangular 60um
Moniezia spp
33
What is the ppp of the equine and ruminant cestodes?
1-2month
34
What is the larval stage of Taenia spp?
Cysticercus | Except t. Taeniformis -> strobilocerus
35
What is the general life cycle of Taenia spp?
Definitive host (cat, dog, human)-> proglottids in feces -> eggs, consumed by intermediate host (rodent, rabbit, livestock, and human)-> cystercurcus -> DH consumes IH
36
What Taenia spp has an armed scolex?
Taenia pisiformis
37
Humans serve as intermediate host to what Taenia spp?
T. Crassiceps | T. Solium
38
Humans serve as the final host to what Taenia spp??
T. Saginata | T. Solium
39
What is the larval stage of T. Taeniaeformis and intermediate host
Strobilocercus | Rodent
40
What is the common name of Taenia saginata?
Beef tapeworm and Pearly beef
41
What is the final host of Taenia saginata?
Human
42
What is the intermediate host of Taenia saginata?
Bovine
43
Identify Human Unarmed scolex with 4 suckers Taeniid egg
T. Saginata
44
What is the site of infection for T. Saginata in its definitive and intermediate host?
DH: small intestine IH: striated muscle
45
What is the diagnosis for T. Saginata
Meat inspection | Serology- antigen tests
46
Treatment and prevention of T. Saginata?
``` Praziquantel Education Sewage treatment Cook meat throughly Freeze meat Hygiene and sanitation ```
47
What parasite causes neurocyticercosis ?
Taenia solium
48
What are the host to Taenia solium?
Pig, dog, and human
49
Common name of Taenia solium
Pork tapeworm, pearly/measly pork
50
What taenia spp has 4 suckers with a double row of hooklets?
Taenia solium
51
What is the distribution of Taenia solium?
Pork raising/ consuming areas Associated with poverty Spread by people/pig movement Free ranging pigs consume human feces
52
What are the clinical signs of Taenia solium?
Pigs- no clinical signs Human Taeniosis- intestinal discomfort Neurocysticercosis- seizures, headache, hydrocephalus, blindness, dementia, and death Subcutaneous cysts, within the anterior chamber of the eye
53
What are the diagnostic methods for T. Solium?
``` Serology and PCR Lingual exam in pig MRI/CT scan in human Biopsy of nodules Fecal exam for eggs ```
54
What is the treatment and prevention of Taenia solium
``` Anthelmitics Pig vaccine Pig husbandry Meat inspection Hygiene and sanitation Education ```
55
What is the common name for Echinococcus granulosus diesease?
Hydatid disease | Cystic echinococosis
56
What is the final host of echinococcus granulosus?
Dog, wild candid, cat
57
Intermediate host to echinococcus granulosus?
Livestock and humans Most important is the Dog-sheep life cycle
58
Identify Dog Adult small less than 6mm with few proglottids Larva form hydatid cyst in liver or lungs Taeniid eggs
Echinococcus granulosus
59
What is the larval stage of Echinococcus spp?
Hydatid cyst | Brood capsule-> protoscolex
60
What is the site of infection of Echinococcus granulosus?
Small intestine of dog IH: hydatid cyst in liver, lungs, bones, and brain .... basically all the places
61
What stage of echinococcus granulosus is pathogenic to humans?
Hydatid
62
What are the methods of diagnosis for Echinococcus granulosus?
Purgation or coproantigen test in dog Examine organs at slaughtered livestock Ultrasound and imaging
63
What is the treatment and prevention of Echinococcus granulosus?
Anthelmitic Do not feed dog infected carcass Hygiene Vaccine
64
What is the common name for Echinococcus multilocularis disease?
Alveolar echinococcosis
65
What is the distribution of Echinococcus multiloculars?
Northern hemisphere
66
What is the final host to Echinococcus multilocularis?
Wild canid and domestic dog
67
What is the intermediate host to Echinococcus multilocularis?
Rodent, lagomorph, and human
68
What is the site of infection of Echinoccus multilocularis?
DH: small intestine IH: alveolar hydatids in liver -> metastasis to other organs
69
What are the species of psueodphyllidea?
Diphyllobothrium latum | Spirometra spp
70
What is the common name of Diphyllobothrium latum?
Fish or broad tapeworm
71
What is the final host of Diphyllobothrium latum?
Human and fish eating mammals
72
What is the intermediate host to Diphyllobthrium latum?
Copepod crustacean and freshwater fish
73
``` Identify Fish eating mammals Scolex with bothria Up to 12m Square shaped proglottids ```
Diphyllobothrium latum
74
What is the PPP of Diphyllobothrium latum?
5-6wks
75
Bothria
Elongated muscular groove on scolex used for attachment to host tissue
76
Define coracidium?
Cililated oncosphere
77
Define procercoid
First parasitic larval stage of pseudophyllidea cestode -> infect copepod
78
Define plerocercoid?
Second parasitic larval stage of pseudophyllidea cestodes infecting fish
79
What is the pathogenesis of Diphyllobothrium latum?
Most nonsymptomatic Abdominal discomfort, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea Macrocyclic anemia because uptake of Vit B12 from intestine Intestinal obstruction or gall bladder
80
What is the treatment and prevention of Diphyllobothrium latum?
Cestocidals In endemic areas, avoid eating raw or undercooked fish Prevent defecatation by fresh water
81
What is the common name os Spirometra spp?
Zipperworm
82
What is the disease in humans caused by Spirometra?
Sparaganosis
83
Final host of Spirometra spp?
Dog, cat, lynx, bobcat, raccoon
84
Intermediate host of Spirometra spp?
Crustacean | Fish, reptile, amphibian, bird, rodent, human
85
Identify Dog, cat, lynx, bobcat Scolex with bothria Repro organs at center of proglottid
Spirometra spp
86
What is the PPP of Spirometra?
2-4wks
87
Human sparaganosis infective stage?
2nd intermediate host if ingest copepod or PH is ingest the fish (2nd IH) Migration through the body
88
What is the pathogenesis of human sparaganosis ?
Migration through the body Subcutaneous tissue, breast, eye, urinary tract, pleural cavity, abdominal viscera, CNS
89
What is the treatment and prevention of Spirometra spp?
Cestocide in final host Surgical removal from humans Avoid contaminated water and eating IH in those areas

RUSVM Parasitology (12 decks)

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