Protozoa - Apicomplexa Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Protozoa - Apicomplexa Deck (35)
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1
Q

What are the features of Eimeriidae family and what species are important?

A

Coccidia parasites
Host specific
No intermediate host or vectors
Primarily an issue in young animals

Isospora and Eimeria

2
Q

Host of Isospora canis?

A

Final host are dogs

PH : rodents

3
Q

Site of infection of Isospora canis?

A

Small intestine

4
Q

Pathogenesis of Isospora canis

A

Small intestinal cells destroyed
Diarrhea can be severe, watery, profuse, and bloody

Young dogs susceptible

5
Q

Diagnosis of Iscospora canis

A

Oocyst, smaller than ascarid eggs but larger than sarcocystis spp?

6
Q

Host of Isospora suis?

A

Pigs

7
Q

Site of infection and pathology of Isospora suis?

A

Small intestine
Infecting 1-2wk old piglets
Diarrhea
High morbidity

8
Q

What are the most infections Eimeria spp infecting cattle?

A

E. Bovis

E. Zuernii

9
Q

Eimeria spp can infect what hosts

A

Swine, bovine, ovine, equine, avian

10
Q

There are ________ Eimeria spp that can infect swine

A

8

11
Q

All Eimeria spp of swine and equine infect the __________ and Eimeria spp of bovine and small ruminants infects ____________________

A

Small intestine; small and large intestine

12
Q

What is the pathogenesis of all Eimeria spp?

A

Inflammatory changes of intestinal mucosa

Enteritis
Diarrhea - profuse, watery, bloody.
Severity is related to number of parasites

13
Q

Eimeria leukarti is specific to what species?

A

Equine

14
Q

How can Eimeria be diagnosed?

A

Oocyst in fecal float
History and clinical signs

E. Lukerarti (horse) - oocyst large and does not float
Requires sedimentation or floatations in sugar solution

15
Q

What is the treatment of Eimeria spp?

A

Hygiene
Decreasing overcrowding
Antiprotozoals
Supportive therapy

Development of immunity

16
Q

How are Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii differentated?

A

Oocyst shape - ovoid vs round

Oocyst size - 20um vs 12um

17
Q

Eimeria spp outbreaks in ovine are associated with?

A
Young lambs 1-3wks
Lot fed animals 
Irrigated pasture
Corralling
Stress- transporting or temp changes
18
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Eimeria in birds?

A

Bloody droppings
Dehydration
high death rate

Recovered birds may be chronically ill due to persistent core of clotted blood in cecum

19
Q

What Eimeria spp is most pathogenic in young chicks?

A

E.tenella

20
Q

What is the treatment/prevention agains E. tenella?

A

Prophylaxis with coccidostats in food or water

Vaccines -species specific

21
Q

How is Eimeria in birds diagnosed?

A
Necropsy 
Lesions are indicative of spp
E.tenella in cecum 
E.necatrix in small intestine 
E.brunetti in ileum,cecum, and rectum
22
Q

Hosts of toxoplasma Gondi?

A

Cat and felids

IH= humans and warm blooded animals

23
Q

How is Toxmoplamsa gondii transmitted?

A

Cat eats infected animal

Humans infection

  • foodborne
  • animal tissue with cysts containing bradyzoites
  • mother to child transplacental
24
Q

Site of infection of Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Intestinal and extraintestnal tissues (muscle, liver, lung, brain)

25
Q

Pathogenesis of toxoplasma gondii?

A

Most animals are asymptomatic

Clinical disease in cat is dependent on organs involved and extent of tissue damage
Acute toxoplasmosis with severe FIV

26
Q

Diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii?

A

Oocyst in cat feces
Serological test
ELISA and IFA

Tachyzoites in brain and placenta
Important cause of abortion and perinatal mortality

27
Q

Treatment and prevention of Toxoplasma gondii

A

Humans avoid contact with cat feces
Human avoid eating undercooked meat of IH
Pregnant women avoid source of oocysts

Nonsulfonamides and Sulfonamides

28
Q

What is the pathogenesis of toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats?

A

Distinct white foci on aborted fetus and placenta

Heavy infection - necrosis of vital organs

29
Q

Sarcocysts spp host?

A

Dog, cat, human, carnivore, bird

IH- cattle, herbivore, omnivore, bird, human

30
Q

ID

Sporulated oocysts with 2 sporocyst each with 4 sporozoties

18um oocyst

A

Sarcocystis spp

31
Q

Life cycle of Sarcoystis spp?

A

Sarcocysts with bradyzoite -infective stage for FH

PPP is 7-14days

Sporocyst =infective stage for IH

Sporocyst to bradyzoite in muscle 2-3months

32
Q

Site of infection of Sarcocystis spp?

A

Sarcocyst in muscle of IH

Sporocyst in GI tract of FH

33
Q

Clinical signs of Sarcocystis spp?

A

No illness if FH

IH host- fatal disease
Abortion may result

34
Q

Diagnosis of sarcocystis spp?

A

Sporocyst in FH

Sarcocysts in muscle tissue of IH

35
Q

Treatment and prevetion of Sarcocystis spp?

A

Avoid raw meat and prevent fecal contamination