Ch 1

Question 1

chemistry

Answer 1

the science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms/molecules.

Question 2

scientific approach is based on

Answer 2

observation and experiment

Question 3

hypothesis

Answer 3

tentative interpretation of the observation

Question 4

experiments

Answer 4

controlled procedures that generate observations that confirm or refute a hypothesis

Question 5

scientific law

Answer 5

statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones

Question 6

scientific theory

Answer 6

model for the way nature is and tries to it explain not just what nature does but why

Question 7

matter

Answer 7

anything that has mass

Question 8

substance

Answer 8

a specific instance of matter (water or air)

Question 9

Matter is classified based on

Answer 9

state and composition

Question 10

three states of matter

Answer 10

solid, liquid, gas

Question 11

in solid matter, atoms are

Answer 11

packed closely together in fixed locations (they vibrate but do not move past each other)

Question 12

solid matter may be ____ or _____.

Answer 12

Crystalline or amorphous

Question 13

crystalline

Answer 13

a solid in which atoms/molecules/ions are arranged in patterns with long-range, repeating order.

Question 14

amorphous

Answer 14

solid in which atoms or molecules do not have any long range order

Question 15

in liquid matter, atoms or molecules …

Answer 15

pack about as closely as they do in solid matter, but they are free to move around

Question 16

liquids have a fixed ___, but not a fixed ____.

Answer 16

volume, shape

Question 17

in gaseous matter, atoms and molecules…

Answer 17

have a lot of space between them and they are free to move

Question 18

gases are ______

Answer 18

compressible

Question 19

gases always assume the ___ and ___ of their containers

Answer 19

shape and volume

Question 20

pure substance

Answer 20

made of only one component, and its composition is invariant

Question 21

the components of a pure substance..

Answer 21

can be individual atoms or groups of atoms joined together

Question 22

examples of pure substances

Answer 22

water, helium, sodium chloride

Question 23

mixture

Answer 23

composed of 2 or more components in proportions that can vary from one sample to another

Question 24

example of mixture

Answer 24

sweetened tea; can be made sweeter or less sweet

Question 25

pure substances can be categorized into 2 types:

Answer 25

elements and compounds

Question 26

element

Answer 26

substance that cannot be chemically brown down into simpler substances

Question 27

compound

Answer 27

a substance composed of 2 or more events

Question 28

mixtures can be categorized into:

Answer 28

heterogeneous and homogeneous

Question 29

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 29

composition varies form one region to another

Question 30

homogeneous

Answer 30

has same composition throughout

Question 31

decanting

Answer 31

method of separating immiscible liquids by pouring the top layer into another container

Question 32

filtration

Answer 32

liquid is poured through filter paper in a funnel

Question 33

physical change

Answer 33

only alters state or appearance, not composition

Question 34

chemical change

Answer 34

alters the composition of matter

Question 35

physical property

Answer 35

propter displayed without changing composition

Question 36

chemical property

Answer 36

only displays by changing its composition via a chemical change

Question 37

physical and chemical changes are usually accompanied by

Answer 37

energy changes

Question 38

energy

Answer 38

the capacity to do work

Question 39

work (W)

Answer 39

action of a force through a distance

Question 40

kinetic energy

Answer 40

the energy associated with motion

Question 41

potential energy

Answer 41

energy associated with its position/composition

Question 42

thermal energy

Answer 42

energy associated with the temperature of an object

Question 43

law of conservation of energy

Answer 43

energy is neither created nor destroyed (it can change from one type into another, and from one object to another, but the total quantity is constant)

Question 44

systems with high potential energy have a tendency to

Answer 44

change in a way that lowers their potential energy (makes them unstable)

Question 45

chemical potential energy arise primarily from

Answer 45

forces between the electrically charged particles that compose atoms/molecules

Question 46

what kind of energy is chemical energy?

Answer 46

potential energy

Question 47

SI unit: length

Answer 47

meter

Question 48

SI unit: mass

Answer 48

Kg

Question 49

SI unit: time

Answer 49

second

Question 50

SI unit: temperature

Answer 50

kelvin

Question 51

SI unit: amount of a substance

Answer 51

mole

Question 52

SI unit: electric current

Answer 52

ampere

Question 53

SI unit: luminous intensity

Answer 53

candela

Question 54

mass

Answer 54

measure of the quantity of matter within it

Question 55

weight

Answer 55

gravitational pull on matter

Question 56

temperature determines the ____ of thermal energy transfer

Answer 56

direction

Question 57

thermal energy transfers from

Answer 57

hot objects to cold ones

Question 58

on the F scale, water freezes and boils at ...

Answer 58

32, 212

Question 59

0K

Answer 59

coldest temp possible, absolute zero where molecular motion stops

Question 60

___ F= 0 C = ____ K

Answer 60

32 F = 0 C = 273 K

Question 61

C =

Answer 61

(f-32)/1.8

Question 62

k=

Answer 62

C + 273.15

Question 63

derived unti

Answer 63

combo of units (m/s)

Question 64

volume

Answer 64

measure of space

Question 65

any unit of length, when cubed, =

Answer 65

unit of volume

Question 66

density

Answer 66

mass/volume

Question 67

density is an ___ property

Answer 67

intensive (independent of the amount of substance)

Question 68

mass is an _____ property

Answer 68

extensive (depends on the amount of the substance)

Question 69

trailing zeroes after a decimal point are

Answer 69

significant

Question 70

trailing zeroes before a decimal point and after a nonzero number are

Answer 70

significant

Question 71

trailing zeroes before an implied decimal point are ____ and should b avoided using scientific notation

Answer 71

ambiguous

Question 72

In multiplication or division, the result carries the same number of significant figures as the factor with

Answer 72

fewest significant figures

Question 73

In addition or subtraction, the result carries the same number of decimal places as the quantity with the

Answer 73

fewest decimal places

Question 74

accuracy

Answer 74

how close the measure value is to the actual yield

Question 75

precision

Answer 75

how close a series of # are to one another

Question 76

random error

Answer 76

has equal probability of being too high or too low

Question 77

systematic error

Answer 77

tends to be either too high or too low

Question 78

order of magnitude estimations

Answer 78

focuses only on the exponential part of numbers written in scientific notation

Question 79

if the decimal part of the number is less than 5(order of mag est.)...

Answer 79

just drop it (4.36 x 10^5= 10^5 OR 2.7x10^-3=10^-3)

Question 80

if the decimal part is 5 or more (order of mag est.)

Answer 80

round it up to 10 and rewrite the number as a power of 10 (10x10^8=10^9)