ch 3

Question 1

ionic bonds are between

Answer 1

metals and nonmetals

Question 2

ionic bonds form

Answer 2

ionic compounds

Question 3

ionic bonds involve the

Answer 3

transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 4

in an ionic bond, the metal becomes a ___ and the nonmetal becomes a ____.

Answer 4

cation; anion

Question 5

covalent bonds are between

Answer 5

2 or more nonmetals

Question 6

covalent bonds involve the

Answer 6

sharing of electrons between two atoms

Question 7

covalent bonds form

Answer 7

molecular compounds AND polyatomic ions

Question 8

gives the relative # of atoms of each element in a compound

Answer 8

empirical formula

Question 9

gives the actual # of atoms of each element in a molecule

Answer 9

molecular formula

Question 10

Uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows how atoms in a molecule connect/bond together

Answer 10

structural formula

Question 11

exist in nature with single atoms as their base units

Answer 11

atomic elements

Question 12

do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units, rather they exist as molecules

Answer 12

diatomic and polyatomic molecules

Question 13

polyatomic ion

Answer 13

ion composed of 2+ atoms

Question 14

formula unit

Answer 14

basic unit of an ionic compound

Question 15

______ occur throughout earth’s crust as minerals

Answer 15

ionic compounds

Question 16

Generally very stable because the attractions between cations and anions are strong and because each ion interacts with several oppositely charged ions in the crystalline lattice.

Answer 16

ionic compounds

Question 17

naming ionic compounds

Answer 17

(name of cation (metal)) + (base name of anion (nonmetal) +ide)

Question 18

name the ionic compound KCl

Answer 18

Potassium Chloride

Question 19

binary compounds contain

Answer 19

2 different elements

Question 20

what to do when the binary ionic compound contains a metal that forms more than one kind of cation

Answer 20

the name of the cation is followed by a roman numeral that indicates the charge of the metal

Question 21

most polyatomic ions are oxyanions, which are

Answer 21

anions containing oxygen and another element

Question 22

contain a specific # of water molecules with each formula unit

Answer 22

hydrates

Question 23

naming molecular compounds

Answer 23

prefix-name of 1st element-prefix-base name of 2nd element +-ide

Question 24

molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

Answer 24

acids

Question 25

acids are composed of

Answer 25

hydrogen and 1+ nonmetal

Question 26

acids are characterized by

Answer 26

their sour taste and ability to dissolve many metals

Question 27

naming binary acids

Answer 27

(Hydro)(base name of nonmetal +ic)(acid)

Question 28

oxyacids have

Answer 28

H+ cation and polyatomic anion

Question 29

oxyacid: if polyatomic ion ends in "ate"...

Answer 29

change ending to "ic" + acid

Question 30

oxyacid: if polyatomic ion ends in "ite"...

Answer 30

change ending to "ous" + acid

Question 31

oxyacid: if polyatomic ion ends in "ite"...

Answer 31

change ending to "ous" + acid

Question 32

writing formulas for acids:

Answer 32

formula starts with H followed by an anion

Question 33

formula mass

Answer 33

mass of an individual molecule or formula unit

Question 34

mass percent composition

Answer 34

element's percentage of the compound's total mass

Question 35

molecular formula = empirical formula x ___

Answer 35

n, where n=1,2,3...

Question 36

combustion analysis is used for organic compounds containing

Answer 36

C, H and O

Question 37

combustion analysis: C forms ____, H forms ____ and O is found by ___.

Answer 37

CO2, H2O, subtraction

Question 38

organic compounds are composed of

Answer 38

C and H

Question 39

main component of organic compounds

Answer 39

carbon

Question 40

in organic compounds, carbon always forms ___ bonds

Answer 40

4

Question 41

organic compounds can be split into:

Answer 41

hydrocarbons and functionalized hydrocarbons

Question 42

hydrocarbons

Answer 42

organic compounds that contain ONLY C and H

Question 43

_____ form common fuels (gas, oil, propane, etc)

Answer 43

hydrocarbons

Question 44

hydrocarbons containing single bonds

Answer 44

alkanes

Question 45

hydrocarbons containing double bonds

Answer 45

alkenes

Question 46

hydrocarbons containing triple bonds

Answer 46

alkynes

Question 47

Base names for a # of hydrocarbons:

Answer 47

meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

Question 48

functionalized hydrocaron

Answer 48

hydrocarbons in which a functional group (characteristic atom or group of atoms) is incorporated into the hydrocarbon.

Question 49

R

Answer 49

hydrocarbon portion of a molecule

Question 50

group of organic compounds with the same functional group

Answer 50

family

Question 51

_______ originate from the earth and are difficult to decompose

Answer 51

inorganic compound