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gen chem > ch 3 > Flashcards

ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

ionic bonds are between

A

metals and nonmetals

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2
Q

ionic bonds form

A

ionic compounds

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3
Q

ionic bonds involve the

A

transfer of electrons from one atom to another

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4
Q

in an ionic bond, the metal becomes a ___ and the nonmetal becomes a ____.

A

cation; anion

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5
Q

covalent bonds are between

A

2 or more nonmetals

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6
Q

covalent bonds involve the

A

sharing of electrons between two atoms

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7
Q

covalent bonds form

A

molecular compounds AND polyatomic ions

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8
Q

gives the relative # of atoms of each element in a compound

A

empirical formula

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9
Q

gives the actual # of atoms of each element in a molecule

A

molecular formula

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10
Q

Uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows how atoms in a molecule connect/bond together

A

structural formula

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11
Q

exist in nature with single atoms as their base units

A

atomic elements

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12
Q

do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units, rather they exist as molecules

A

diatomic and polyatomic molecules

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13
Q

polyatomic ion

A

ion composed of 2+ atoms

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14
Q

formula unit

A

basic unit of an ionic compound

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15
Q

______ occur throughout earth’s crust as minerals

A

ionic compounds

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16
Q

Generally very stable because the attractions between cations and anions are strong and because each ion interacts with several oppositely charged ions in the crystalline lattice.

A

ionic compounds

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17
Q

naming ionic compounds

A

(name of cation (metal)) + (base name of anion (nonmetal) +ide)

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18
Q

name the ionic compound KCl

A

Potassium Chloride

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19
Q

binary compounds contain

A

2 different elements

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20
Q

what to do when the binary ionic compound contains a metal that forms more than one kind of cation

A

the name of the cation is followed by a roman numeral that indicates the charge of the metal

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21
Q

most polyatomic ions are oxyanions, which are

A

anions containing oxygen and another element

22
Q

contain a specific # of water molecules with each formula unit

A

hydrates

23
Q

naming molecular compounds

A

prefix-name of 1st element-prefix-base name of 2nd element +-ide

24
Q

molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

A

acids

25
Q

acids are composed of

A

hydrogen and 1+ nonmetal

26
Q

acids are characterized by

A

their sour taste and ability to dissolve many metals

27
Q

naming binary acids

A

(Hydro)(base name of nonmetal +ic)(acid)

28
Q

oxyacids have

A

H+ cation and polyatomic anion

29
Q

oxyacid: if polyatomic ion ends in “ate”…

A

change ending to “ic” + acid

30
Q

oxyacid: if polyatomic ion ends in “ite”…

A

change ending to “ous” + acid

31
Q

oxyacid: if polyatomic ion ends in “ite”…

A

change ending to “ous” + acid

32
Q

writing formulas for acids:

A

formula starts with H followed by an anion

33
Q

formula mass

A

mass of an individual molecule or formula unit

34
Q

mass percent composition

A

element’s percentage of the compound’s total mass

35
Q

molecular formula = empirical formula x ___

A

n, where n=1,2,3…

36
Q

combustion analysis is used for organic compounds containing

A

C, H and O

37
Q

combustion analysis: C forms ____, H forms ____ and O is found by ___.

A

CO2, H2O, subtraction

38
Q

organic compounds are composed of

A

C and H

39
Q

main component of organic compounds

A

carbon

40
Q

in organic compounds, carbon always forms ___ bonds

A

4

41
Q

organic compounds can be split into:

A

hydrocarbons and functionalized hydrocarbons

42
Q

hydrocarbons

A

organic compounds that contain ONLY C and H

43
Q

_____ form common fuels (gas, oil, propane, etc)

A

hydrocarbons

44
Q

hydrocarbons containing single bonds

A

alkanes

45
Q

hydrocarbons containing double bonds

A

alkenes

46
Q

hydrocarbons containing triple bonds

A

alkynes

47
Q

Base names for a # of hydrocarbons:

A

meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

48
Q

functionalized hydrocaron

A

hydrocarbons in which a functional group (characteristic atom or group of atoms) is incorporated into the hydrocarbon.

49
Q

R

A

hydrocarbon portion of a molecule

50
Q

group of organic compounds with the same functional group

A

family

51
Q

_______ originate from the earth and are difficult to decompose

A

inorganic compound

gen chem (12 decks)

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