ch 7

Question 1

energy

Answer 1

capacity to do work

Question 2

work

Answer 2

force acting through a distance

Question 3

heat

Answer 3

flow of energy caused by a temp difference

Question 4

kinetic energy

Answer 4

energy associated with motion

Question 5

thermal energy

Answer 5

type of KE associated with the temperature

Question 6

potential energy

Answer 6

energy associated with the position or composition of an object

Question 7

chemical energy

Answer 7

type of PE associated with the positions of electrons/nuclei in atoms and molecules

Question 8

law of conservation of energy

Answer 8

energy cannot be crated or destroyed

Question 9

KE formula

Answer 9

KE= 1/2mv^2

Question 10

SI unit of energy

Answer 10

Joule (J) = kg x m^2/s^2

Question 10

SI unit of energy

Answer 10

Joule (J) = kg x m^2/s^2

Question 11

SI unit of energy

Answer 11

Joule (J) = kg x m^2/s^2

Question 11

SI unit of energy

Answer 11

Joule (J) = kg x m^2/s^2

Question 12

specific heat

Answer 12

amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1 g of water by 1 degree C

Question 13

1 cal = _____ J

Answer 13

4.184 J

Question 14

Calorie (Cal)=

Answer 14

1 Cal = 1kcal = 1000 cal

Question 15

thermodynamics

Answer 15

study of energy and its interconversions

Question 16

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 16

total energy of the universe is constant

Question 17

Internal Energy (E)

Answer 17

sum of the Ke and PE of all particles that compose the system

Question 18

internal energy is a ____ function.

Answer 18

state function: its value depends only on the state of the system, not how it arrived at that state.

Question 19

ΔE=

Answer 19

ΔE= E(final)-E(initial)

Question 20

in a chemical system ΔE=

Answer 20

ΔE= E(products) - E(reactants)

Question 21

the amount of energy lost by the system must exactly equal

Answer 21

the amount gained by the surroundings

Question 22

ΔE(system)= -ΔE____

Answer 22

-ΔE surroundings

Question 23

If the reactants have a higher internal energy than the products, ΔE...

Answer 23

is negative and energy flows out of system into surroundings

Question 24

If the reactants have a lower internal energy than the products, ΔE...

Answer 24

is positive and energy flows into system from surroundings

Question 25

thermal energy flows from

Answer 25

flows from matter at higher temperatures to matter at lower temperatures

Question 26

thermal equilibrium

Answer 26

point at which there is no additional net transfer of heat between a system and its surroundings

Question 27

heat capacity (C)

Answer 27

a measure of the system's ability to absorb thermal energy without undergoing a large change in temp

Question 28

the higher the heat capacity of a system

Answer 28

the smaller the change in temperature for a given amount of absorbed heat.

Question 29

heat capacity is defined as

Answer 29

the quantity of heat required to change its temp by 1 degree C

Question 30

heat capacity is an extensive property , why?

Answer 30

it depends on the amount of substance being heated

Question 31

specific heat capacity (Cs)

Answer 31

amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1g of the substance by 1 degree C

Question 32

molar heat capacity

Answer 32

amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1 mole of substance by 1 degree C

Question 33

specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity are ___ properties

Answer 33

intensive (depends on the KIND of substance)

Question 34

water has a very ____ specific heat capacity

Answer 34

high

Question 35

pressure-volume work

Answer 35

work that occurs when a volume change takes place against an external pressure

Question 36

heat at constant volume (qv) is equal to

Answer 36

ΔErxn

Question 37

in colorimetry we...

Answer 37

measure the thermal energy exchanged between the reaction and the surroundings by observing the change in temp of the surroundings

Question 38

bomb calorimeter

Answer 38

piece of equipment that measures ΔE for combustion reactions

Question 39

enthalpy (H)

Answer 39

the sum of a systems internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume

Question 40

ΔE is a measure of ______ while ΔH is a measure of only ________

Answer 40

all of the energy; only the heat exchanged under constant pressure

Question 41

endothermic reaction

Answer 41

ΔH is positive; absorbs heat from its surroundings

Question 42

example of endothermic reaction

Answer 42

cold pack

Question 43

exothermic reaction

Answer 43

ΔH is negative; gives off heat to its surroundings

Question 44

breaking bonds always _____ energy.

Answer 44

absorbs

Question 45

in an endothermic reaction, _____ bonds break and ____ bonds form.

Answer 45

weak, strong; resulting in net energy production

Question 46

heat of reaction (ΔHrxn)

Answer 46

enthalpy change for a chem reaction; depends on the amount of material undergoing the reaction

Question 47

coffee cup calorimetry occurs at constant ___ and measures ___ for a reaction

Answer 47

pressure; ΔH

Question 48

bomb calorimetry occurs at constant ___ and measures ____ for a reaction.

Answer 48

volume; ΔE

Question 49

standard state for a gas

Answer 49

the pure gas at a pressure of exactly 1 atm

Question 50

standard state for liquid or solid

Answer 50

the pure substance in its most stable form at 1 atm and the temperature of interest

Question 51

standard state for a substance in solution

Answer 51

a concentration of exactly 1 M

Question 52

standard enthalpy change (ΔH°)

Answer 52

the change in enthalpy for a process when all reactants and products are in their standard states (degree sign indicates standard states)

Question 53

standard enthalpy of formation ΔH°f for a pure compound

Answer 53

the change in enthalpy when 1 mol of the compound forms from its constituent elements in their standard states

Question 54

standard enthalpy of formation ΔH°f for a pure element it its standard state

Answer 54

ΔH°f= 0

Question 55

negative standard enthalpy of formation ΔH°f

Answer 55

decomposition of a compound into its constituent elements

Question 56

sulfur oxides are ___ and ___ irritants that affect...

Answer 56

lung, eye; the respiratory system and are the main precursors of acid rain

Question 57

carbon monoxide displaces ____ in the blood, causing...

Answer 57

oxygen; the heart and lungs to work harder

Question 58

ground level ozone is a...

Answer 58

lung/eye irritant; prolonged exposure can cause lung damage

Question 59

CO2 is a greenhouse gas, so it

Answer 59

allows visible light form the sun to enter our atmosphere, but prevents heat from escaping