Ch 1 Flashcards
(125 cards)
Anatomy
- ana= knowledge or art of;
- tomy= process of cutting
- The knowledge gained from the history of cutting and observing the human body.
Physiology
- physio= the natural way of things
- ology= study of
- Study of chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the bodily functions
Gross Anatomy
- MACROscopic anatomy
- Involves structures that can be seen without an eye aid (microscope)
- Divided into surface, regional, systemic, clinical, and developmental anatomy sub disciplines
MICROscopic anatomy
- Use of microscope to identify and study cells (cytology) and tissues (histology)
Etymology
Study root of a word
- Helps to identify location of a structure
Properties of Life
O rganization
M etabolism
M ovement
G rowth
D ifferentiation
R esponsiveness
R egulation
R eproduction
Metabolism
chemical reactions
Movement
the change of position by an organism or part of an organism, often in response to stimuli
Growth
increase in size
Differentiation
D ifferentiation: process by which despecialized cells become specialized within the structure and develop specific functions
ex. Tissue regeneration, development: fertilized egg differentiates into many cell types that make up an adult body
- Cells act upon a certain task
Responsiveness
ability to react and sense stimuli like external/internal environment
Regulation
maintenance of internal environment; homeostasis
Reproduction
process where new organisms are generated
Levels of Organization
Chemical -> Cellular -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System -> Organismal Level
Chemical
smallest unit of matter (atom), atoms boond to form molecules (2+ atoms joined)
Cellular
Organized molecules, smallest structural living units
Tissue
Collection of similar cells
Organ
2+ different types of tissues that organize into a single structure, and performs a specific function
ex. stomach, skin, heart, lungs
Organ System
Function of an organ
ex. digestive system
Organismal
Organ systems work together to perform functions of an individual organsim
- Living individual
The 11 Organ Systems of the Body
1) Integumentary system (skin)
2) Skeletal system (bone and joints)
3) Muscular system (muscles)
4) Nervous system (internal/external sense)
5) Endocrine system (regulation)
6) Cardiovascular system
7) Respiratory system
8) Immune system
9) Digestive system
10) Urinary system (waste)
11) Reproductive system
Integumentary System
-Largest organ in the body. Holds everything together (gives body INTEGRITY)
- 2 way protective barrier protecting all internal structures
- Provides sensory information about external environment, touch, vibration, pain, temperature
- Includes skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
Skeletal System
- Frame of the body. Supports and protects the body stature
- Site of hematopoiesis (making of blood cells) and storage for minerals and fat
- Osseous (bone) tissue
- Bones, joints
Muscular System
- Aids movement to body/parts/systems
- Skeletal muscles attach to bones which enable body to move
- Smooth muscles enable organs to move substances around body such as food through digestive tract
- Cardiac (heart) muscles is unique to the heart and pumps blood throughout the body
