Ch 1: Human Physiology control of the "Internal Environment"

Question 1

______ : study of the mechanisms behind biological functions

Answer 1

physiology

Question 2

___ are the basic units of life

Answer 2

cells

Question 3

____ are muscle cells

Answer 3

myocytes

Question 4

___ are bone cells

Answer 4

osteocytes

Question 5

___ are RBC

Answer 5

erythrocytes

Question 6

cells require ____ and ____ to sustain life

Answer 6

oxygen

energy yeilding nutrients

Question 7

Cells remove _____ and other waste products

Answer 7

CO2

Question 8

_____ is a biochem mechanism to convert nutrients to nrg

Answer 8

Metabolism

Question 9

_____ is the ability to reproduce new cells from older cells

Answer 9

replication

neuro cells dont really divide

Question 10

cells that have similar fxn are grouped into ____

Answer 10

primary tissues

Question 11

what are the 4 classifications of primary tissues

Answer 11

1. muscle
2. nervous
3. epithelial
4. CT

Question 12

_____ tissue specializes in communication within the body

Answer 12

nervous

Question 13

____ tissue specializes for forming membranes and glands

Answer 13

epithelial

Question 14

_____ tissue speciallizes in providing nutrients, structure and support

Answer 14

CT

Question 15

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 15

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 16

What are the two types of nervous tissue

Answer 16

Neurons

glia : non-neural cells. They form myelin and support neural tissue

Question 17

What are the 3 types of epithelial membranes

Answer 17

squamous
columnar
cuboidal

Question 18

What are the two types of glands that are formed by epithelial tissues

Answer 18

endocrine

exocrine

Question 19

Organs are composed of :

Answer 19

two or more primary tissues

prim tiss- cells that have similar fxn

Question 20

______ are organs that are located in different regions of the body and perform related fxn

Answer 20

systems

Question 21

How is homeostasis structurally and functionally made possible?

Answer 21

by having highly organized systems that can communicate with each other through specialized pathways

Question 22

60% of the body is made of ____

Answer 22

aqueous solution

Question 23

there is __ communication btw the intra/extracellular compartments

Answer 23

selective

Question 24

______ regulates the molecules and ions across the membrane

Answer 24

transport mechanisms

Question 25

phosopholipids are hydro____

Answer 25

hydrophobic

Question 26

cell survival is dependent on ____ fluid

Answer 26

extracellular fluid

Question 27

____ carry waste products in the blood

Answer 27

ions and bicarbonate

Question 28

___ & ____ ions are found in the extracellular fluid

Answer 28

Na+ Cl - (O2)

Question 29

Where is glucose, fatty acids and amino acids found ?

Answer 29

nutrients are found in the extracellular fluid

Question 30

_____ ions are found in the intracellular fluid

Answer 30

K and phosphates (ATP, ADP, CrP)

Question 31

always have to maintain a ____ for things to happen in the cell

Answer 31

charge

Question 32

______: the spaces btw cells that make up the internal enviro

Answer 32

interstitial space

Question 33

____ is the part of blood that actually contains genetic material

Answer 33

plasma

Question 34

In capillaries there is an exchange btw circulating blood and ____

Answer 34

interstitual spaces

Question 35

____________________________ allows the cells to have access to essential components and for waste to be carried away in the blood

Answer 35

The transport of materials from the blood into the interstitual space

Question 36

Where would you expect to find the heaviest concentration of toxins?

Answer 36

interstitual space

Question 37

____ is required for metabolizing glucose and free fatty acids

Answer 37

O2

Question 38

____ &____ are needed to make ATP

Answer 38

glucose and free fatty acids | have to have O2 to metabolize these

Question 39

_____ in the extracellular fluid must be maintained in constant concetration so cells ahve access when intracellular rxn need it

Answer 39

O2

Question 40

____ is what carries O2 in the blood

Answer 40

hemoglobin (Hb) | also regulates O2 concentration

Question 41

____ regulates O2 concentration in the EXTRAcellular fluid

Answer 41

Hemoglobin | also carries O2

Question 42

If O2 concentration is high, Hb _____

Answer 42

does not release it

Question 43

If O2 concentration is low, Hb ____

Answer 43

releases it

Question 44

_______: When O2 concentration is high Hb holds on to it. When O2 contrention is low Hb releases it

Answer 44

O2 buffering fxn of hemoglobin

Question 45

_____ is an end product of oxidative rxn in the cell

Answer 45

CO2

Question 46

high concentrations of CO2 in the tiss fluid causes _____

Answer 46

NRG rxn to cease = cell death

Question 47

A higher than normal CO2 concentration excited______

Answer 47

the respiratory center - makes the person breath FASTER and DEEPER

Question 48

What are the 2 CN that are directly involved with regulating CO2 and BP

Answer 48

glossopharyngeal (IX) | Vagus

Question 49

____ are chemoreceptors in the throat that detect changes of blood flowing through it - what 4 factors can be detected?

Answer 49

cartoid body | changes in O2, Co2 , Ph, temp

Question 50

Carotid bodys are afferent chemoreceptors innervated by _____ N

Answer 50

glossopharyngeal N (IX)

Question 51

Glossopharyngeal N receive GVA fibers from _____ chemoreceptors

Answer 51

carotid body

Question 52

Glossopharyngeal N affect the______ which are located in blood vessels and detect stretching of the vessel

Answer 52

baroreceptors

Question 53

baroreceptors afferent are innervated by _____N

Answer 53

glossopharyngeal

Question 54

_____ innervates the cardiac plexus

Answer 54

vagus