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in order cuccurullo > Ch 1 - Stroke: Aphasia > Flashcards

Ch 1 - Stroke: Aphasia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of Fluent Aphasia?

A

Wernicke’s
Transcortical sensory
Conduction
Anomia

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2
Q

What are the types of Nonfluent Aphasia?

A

Broca’s
Transcortical motor
Global
Mixed transcortical

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3
Q

What is the location of Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Posterior part of superior (first) temporal gyrus of the dominant (usually left) hemisphere

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of Wernicke’s aphasia?

A 
Fluent speech
(-) Comprehension
(-) Repetition
Word deafness
Alexia
Agraphia
Marked paraphasias and neologisms
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5
Q

What is the location of Broca’s aphasia?

A

Posterior-inferior frontal lobe (3rd frontal convolution) of dominant hemisphere> anterior to motor cortex that supply tongue, lips and larynx

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of Broca’s aphasia?

A

Nonfluent speech
(+) Comprehension
(-) Repetition
Paraphasias and articulatory errors or struggle

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7
Q

What is the location of Global aphasia?

A

Vary in size and location but usually left MCA (entire perisylvian region)

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Global aphasia?

A

Nonfluent speech
(-) Comprehension
(-) Repetition

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9
Q

What is the location of Anomic aphasia?

A

Temporo-parietal injury, angular gyrus

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Anomic aphasia?

A 
Fluent speech
(+) Comprehension
(+) Repetition
(-) Naming
Decreased output of nouns
Word-finding difficulty
Alexia/agraphia may be present
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11
Q

What is the location of Conduction aphasia?

A

Parietal operculum (arcuate fasciculus) or insula or deep to the supramarginal gyrus (usually left)

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of Conduction aphasia?

A

Fluent speech
(+) Comprehension
(-) Repetition
Literal paraphasias with “targeting” of words (until getting the right one)

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13
Q

What is the arcuate fasciculus?

A

Band of white matter running deep to the supramarginal gyrus and insula that joins Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas

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14
Q

What is the location of Transcortical motor aphasia?

A

Frontal lobe, anterior or superior to Broca’s area or in the subcortical region deep to Broca’s area

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Transcortical motor aphasia?

A

Nonfluent speech
(+) Comprehension
(+) Repetition
Reduced rate of speech and initiation

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16
Q

What is the location of Transcortical sensory aphasia?

A

Watershed lesion isolating perisylvian speech structures (Brocas and Wernicke’s areas) from the posterior brain; angular gyrus or posterior-inferior temporal lobe

17
Q

What are the characteristics of Transcortical sensory aphasia?

A 
Fluent speech
(-) Comprehension
(+) Repetition
Echolalia 
Neologisms
18
Q

What is the location of Transcortical mixed aphasia?

A

Border zone of frontal, parietal and temporal areas

19
Q

What are the characteristics of Transcortical mixed aphasia?

A

Nonfluent speech
(-) Comprehension
(+) Repetition
Echolalia

20
Q

Where are language areas atomically clustered in 95% of people?

A

Sylvian fissure of the dominant left hemisphere

21
Q

What is a paraphasia error?

A

Substitution of words or parts of words

22
Q

What is a Literal or Phonemic paraphasia error?

A

Similar sounds

ex: “sound” for “found”

23
Q

What is a Verbal or Semantic paraphasia error?

A

Word substituted for another of the same

ex: “fork” for “spoon”

24
Q

What is Agrammatism?

A

Aphasia in which there is absence of grammatical structure in a sentence

25
Q

What is Anomia (anomic or nominal aphasia)?

A

Difficulty recalling words

26
Q

What is Echolalia?

A

Repetition (“echoing”) of words or vocalizations made by another person.

27
Q

What is Circumlocution?

A

Round about way of describing a word that cannot be recalled.
Often seen in
conjunction with anomia

28
Q

What is Neologism?

A

A “new word” that is well articulated but has meaning only to the speaker

29
Q

What is Jargon?

A

Well articulated but mostly incomprehensible, unintelligible speech. Associated with Wernicke’s aphasia.

30
Q

What is Stereotype?

A

Repetition of nonsensical syllables (e.g., “no, no, no”) during attempts at
communication

31
Q

What is the most widely accepted approach to aphasia?

A

Loss versus interference

32
Q

Describe loss versus interference approach to aphasia.

A

Brain interferes with linguistic operation

33
Q

What is Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT)?*

A

Recruits right hemisphere for communication by incorporating melodies or rhythms with simple statements

34
Q

What types of aphasia is Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) useful in?

A

Nonfluent (Broca’s) aphasia

35
Q

What is the timeline for post-stroke recovery?*

A

Greatest improvement first 2-3 mo after onset

Drop in recovery aft 6 mo

in order cuccurullo (91 decks)

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