Ch 6 - Prosthetic and Orthotics: Assistive Devices and Shoes

Question 1

What can canes provide?

Answer 1

– Inc base of support
– Dec loading/demand on LE
– Provide sensory feedback
– Assist acceleration/ deceleration during locomotion

Question 2

For what disabilities should canes be prescribed?

Answer 2

– Improve balance
– Dec pain
– Red WB on injured structures
– Compensate for weak muscles
– Scan the immediate environment

Question 3

Difference between Crutch and a Cane?

Answer 3

• Cane has 1 point of contact with the body

* Crutch has 2 points of contact with the body

Question 4

Where should cane height be adjusted on a patient?

Answer 4

20° to 30° elbow flexion or height of greater trochanters for cane height

Question 5

What are indications for walkers?

Answer 5

1. B/L weakness and/or incoordination
2. ↑ balance
3. Partial or full WB relief of LE
4. Unilateral weakness or amputation of LE
5. General support to aid mobility

Question 6

What does a shoe consist of?

Answer 6

Upper
Sole
Added heel

Question 7

What are the parts of an Upper oxford style shoe?

Answer 7

Vamp
Quarters
High Quarter
Tongue
Throat
Toe box

Question 8

What is a Thomas heel?

Answer 8

Flat with medial extension to support weak foot arch

Question 9

What is a Military heel?

Answer 9

Slightly narrower base, measures 1.25 to 1.375 inches

Question 10

What is a Cuban heel?

Answer 10

Still narrower base, higher heel

Question 11

What is a Spring heel?

Answer 11

Placed under outer sole, eliminates breast, only 0.125 inches

Question 12

What do athletic shoes eliminate?

Answer 12

Heel because one can run faster this way.

Question 13

What is a Blucher-style opening?

Answer 13

Front-laced shoe in which the quarters are not attached distally to the vamp and remain loose and fully open, thus leaving more room for the entering foot

Question 14

What is a Bal or Balmoral-style opening?

Answer 14

Front-laced shoe in which the lace stays (containing the eyelets) meet in front and are stitched to the vamp

Question 15

What does a medial internal heel wedge promote?

Answer 15

Hindfoot inversion

Question 16

What does a lateral internal heel wedge promote?

Answer 16

Hindfoot eversion

Relieve pressure on the cuboid

Question 17

What is the University of California Biomechanics Lab (UCBL) orthosis?

Answer 17

Custom-molded orthosis used to control flexible calcaneal deformities (rearfoot valgus or varus), and transverse plane deformities of the midtarsal joints (forefoot abduction or adduction)

Question 18

What is a Plastazote full-contact insole?

Answer 18

Custom molded
Accommodates many foot problems/deformities
Provides almost immediate comfort for plantar pain

Question 19

What is a Rocker bar?

Answer 19

Convex strip placed across the sole just posterior to the metatarsal heads

Question 20

What is a Rocker bar used for?

Answer 20

Relieve metatarsal pain
Quicken the gait cycle
Assist dorsiflexion
Decrease demand on weak plantar flexors

Question 21

What does a Lateral sole wedge promote?

Answer 21

forefoot eversion

Question 22

What does a Medial sole wedge promote?

Answer 22

forefoot inversion

Question 23

What does a Lateral toe wedge promote?

Answer 23

Assist the foot to toe out

Question 24

What does a Medial toe wedge promote?

Answer 24

Assist the foot to toe in

Question 25

What does a Lateral heel wedge promote?

Answer 25

Rotate hindfoot into eversion

Question 26

What does a Medial heel wedge promote?

Answer 26

Rotate hindfoot into inversion

Question 27

What does a Lateral heel flare promote?

Answer 27

Resist hindfoot inversion

Question 28

What does a Medial heel flare promote?

Answer 28

Resist hindfoot eversion

Question 29

What is a Thomas heel?

Answer 29

Project anteriorly medially

Provides support to the medial longitudinal arch

Question 30

What is a Reverse Thomas heel?

Answer 30

Project anteriorly laterally

Provides support to the lateral longitudinal arch

Question 31

What is a heel lift used for?

Answer 31

Fixed pes equinus deformity

Leg length discrepancy >1/4 to 1/2 inch (or if symptomatic)

Question 32

What is the Most common biomechanical problem with runners?

Answer 32

Pronated foot

Question 33

What is a pronated foot associated with?

Answer 33

– Tibial stress syndrome
– Patellofemoral syndrome
– Posterior tibial tendinitis
– Achilles tendinitis
– Plantar fasciitis