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Medical Terminology > Ch 1: Terminations > Flashcards

Ch 1: Terminations Flashcards

1
Q

Suffix

A

=ending = termination

A suffix is primary if it is composed of one basic part. Derived suffixes are composed of multiple basic parts.

(Primary) x-ia = an abnormal condition involving x

(Derived) x-os-is = an abnormal condition involving x

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2
Q

x-=ize

A

verbal termination

to (do the action of) x

to make (something ) x

example: final-ize, to make something final

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3
Q

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

A

in english most words can be made into adjectives simply by placing them in front of a noun (salad bowl)

Medical dictionaries will regularly use the phase “ pertaining to” p.t. in an similar way

mean

=p.t. x

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4
Q

x-al

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

ex)

nation-al = p.t. a nation

retin-al = p.t the retina
crani-al = p.t. the skull
cost-al = p.t. the ribs
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5
Q

x-ic

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

ex)

lyc-anthrop-ic = p.t. a lycanthrope (wolf-man)

opthalm-ic = p.t. the eyes
thorac-ic = p.t. the chest
tympan-ic = p.t. the middle ear
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6
Q

i.e

A

latin

idas = it is

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7
Q

x-ous

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

ligament-ous = p.t. the ligaments

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8
Q

x-ary

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

urin-ary = p.t. (the) urine

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9
Q

x-ar

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

sol-ar = p.t. the sun (from latin “sol”

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10
Q

x-an

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

medi-an = p.t. the middle

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11
Q

x-ine

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

can-ine = p.t. dogs

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12
Q

x-ac

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

p.t. x

aphrodis-i-ac = p.t. love/ sex (from greeck “aphrodite”)

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13
Q

x-oid

A

Primary suffixes: Adjectives

resembling x

andr-oid = resembling a man

bacter-oid = remesbling bacteria

there is an -oid for almost anything in med term

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14
Q

x-ia

A

Primary suffixes: Nouns

an abnormal condition involving x

dactyl-ia = an abnormal condition involving a/the digits(s)

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15
Q

x-ist

A

Primary suffixes: Nouns

one who (does the action of) x
one who specializes in x
dactyl-o-scop-ist = one who _examins_ a/the digit(s)
dent-ist = one who specializes in (the) teeth
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16
Q

x-in

A

Primary suffixes: Nouns

a substance (which does the action) of x
cyt-o-tox-in = a substance which poisons cells
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17
Q

Primary suffixes: Nouns

unpredictable noun endings`

A
  • e
  • is
  • ism
  • s
  • y
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18
Q

x-it-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the inflammation of x

laryng-oid-it-is = the inflammation of something resembling the larynx

laryng-oid-it-ic = p.t. the inflammation of something resembling the larynx

Note the existence of adjectival forms =( something resembling) of these noun suffixes

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19
Q

x-o-rrhex-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the rupturing of x (if x can be ruptured)
the rupturing of something involving x (if x cannot be ruptured)

=> if in doubt, assume that x can be ruptured

arthr-al-o-rrhex-is = the rupturing of something p.t. a/the joint(s)

arthr-al-o-rrhect-ic = p.t. the rupturing of something p.t. a/the joint(s)

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20
Q

x-o-schis-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the splitting of x

=> note that this can also refer to the presence of a cleft

crani-o-schis-is = the splitting of the skull

crani-o-schist-ic = p.t. the splitting of the skull

crani-osch-it-ic = p.t. the inflammation (1.14) of the scrotum, involving the skull

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21
Q

x-ias-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the abnormal presence of x

cran-ias-is = the abnormal presence of something involving the skull

can-iast-ic = p.t. the abnormal presence of dogs

=> Note that while -iasis usually forms adjectives of the form -iastic, the alternate form -iasic is also found. (e.g. lithiasic)

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22
Q

x-ias-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

The abnormal presence of x

x-o-path-ias-is
=the abnormal presence of a disease of x

while it may seem redundant, such formations do exist. The termination i-asis is sometimes used as an intensifier, in this case indicating that the disease of x in question is very bad

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23
Q

x-o-clas-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

the breaking of x

icon-o-clas-is = the breaking of images

icon-o-clast-ic = p.t. the breaking of images

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24
Q

x-os-is

A

Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations

an abnormal condition involving x

neur-os-is = an abnormal condition involving (a/the) nerve(s)

neur-ot-ic = p.t. an abnormal condition involving (a/the) nerve(s)

=> note that there sis no difference in the meaning between (e.g) “neurosis” and “neuria”
=> x-ia = x-osis

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25
x-otiasis
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations => -otiasis = osis + iasis psych-ot-iasis = the abnormal presence of an abnormal condition involving the mind
26
x-o-necrot-os-is
an abnormal condition involving the death of x => Note that whatever immediately precedes the suffix -osis does not necessarily itself have an abnormal condition (as in this example, death itself), hence we speak of a condition "involving" x rather than a condition "of" x
27
x-o-path-y
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _a_ disease of x psych-o-path-y = a disease of the mid psych-o-path-ic = p.t. a disease of the mind
28
x-o-megal-y
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ enlargement of x crani-o-megal-y = the enlargement of the skull crani-o-megal-ic = p.t. the enlargment of the skull crani-al-o-megal-ic = p.t. the enlargement of _something_ p.t. the skull
29
x-o-phag-y
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ ingestion of x = x-o- phag-ia x-o-phag-ist = one who ingests/ eats x or = one who specializes in (i.e. studies/ treats) the ingestion of x
30
x-o-genes-is
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ production of x x-o-genet-ic = p.t.. _the_ production of x
31
x-o-poies-is
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ formation of x x-o-poiet-ic = p.t. _the_ formation of x
32
x-o-kinesis
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ movement of x x-o-kinet-is = p.t _the_ movement of x (yet we speak of kinesiology and not kinetiology)
33
Terminations that end in -ia and -osis
the endings should simply be thought of as parts of the terminations. They should not be translated with the phrase "an abnormal condition"
34
x-algia
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations pain in/involving x brachi-algia = pain _in_ an/the arm(s) => if pain can be felt there, say pain "in" x brachi-o-kinet-algia = pain _involving_ the movement of an/the arm(s) => otherwise, say pain "involving" x
35
x-odynia
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations pain in/involving x
36
x-o-plegia
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ paralysis of x => if x cannot be paralyzed (i.e.) cannot suffer a complete or partial loss of function), then say "the paralysis of _something involving_ x" instead
37
x-o-penia
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _a_ deficiency of x leuk-o-penia = a deficiency of white things (i.e. of white blood cells)
38
x-o-rrhagia
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ rapid flowing of (something from) x hem-o-rrhage = the rapid flowing of blood => note the alternate ending -e crani-o-rrhagic = p.t. the rapid flowing of _something from_ the skull => the skull itself doesn't flow, hence "something from" the skull flows instead in this example.
39
x-o-malacia
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ softening of x oste-o-malacia = the softening of a/the bone(s)
40
x-o-necrosis
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ death of x => (x often refers to tissue) rhin-o-necrosis = the death of the nose
41
x-o-stenosis
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ narrowing of x arteri-o-stenosis = the narrowing of an/ the artery/ arteries arteri-o-stenotic = p.t. the narrowing of an/the artery/arteries
42
x-o-sclerosis
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ hardening of x crani-o-sclerosis = the hardening of the skull crani-o-sclerot-osis = an abnormal condition involving the hardening of the skull
43
x-o-ptosis
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ downward displacement of x blephar-o-ptosis = the downward displacement of an/the eyelid(s)
44
x-o-rrhea
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _The_ flowing of (something from) x crani-o-rrhea = the flowing of _something from_ the skull
45
x-edema
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ swelling of x x-edematous = p.t. _the_ swelling of x the difference between (inflammation) and (swelling) is that swelling is a _symptom of inflammaiton
46
x-o-cele
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _the_ protrusion of (something through) x crani-o-cele = the protrusion of the skull => in general, if x can protrude, say "the protrusion of x" => if x cannot protrude, say "the protrusion of something through x"
47
x-o-lith
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations _a_ calculus in/involving x a calculus is often called a "stone" in English. Calculus is simply "little stone" in Latin. Calculi is its plural form. the formation of calculi is called lithiasis lith-iasis = the abnormal presence of calculi
48
Terminations in -ia and -y
-ia nd -y are often interchangeable in diagnostic terminations these endings in -ia should simply be thought of as parts of the termination. They should not be translated with the phrase "an abnormal condition"
49
x-ectopia
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations the displacement of x laryng-ectopia = the displacement of the larynx
50
x-o-plasia
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations the formation of x note that -plasia is used much more frequently than -poiesis
51
x-o-dystrophy
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations the defective growth of x muscul-o-dystrophy = the defective growth of a/the muscle(s) muscul-ar dystrophy = the defective growth p.t. a/the muscle(s) muscul-ar-o-dystrophy = the defective growth of _something_ p.t. a./the muscle(s)
52
x-atrophy
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations the lack of growth of x crani-atroph-ic = p.t. the lack of growth of the skull crani-o-trophy = the growth/ nourishment of the skull
53
x-asthenia
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations the lack of strength of x my-asthenia = the lack of strength of a/the muscle(s)
54
x-o-cele Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations
Derived suffixes: Diagnostic terminations this termination has no adjectival/combining form of its own however, there is a combining form heri-o, made adjectival as heri-al, which has the same meaning.
55
Derived terminations ending in -ia usually form adjectives in -ic
ex) dactylectopia => dactelectopic however, the primary termination -ia cannot be made into an adjective. ex) "dactylia" cannot become an adjective, but the synonymous "dactylosis" can become the adjective "dactylotic"
56
interchangeable diagnostic terminations
- ia - is - y - esis exclusively to diagnostic terminations
57
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations
diagnostic terminations refer to medical problems (among other things) while therapeutic terminations refer to medical treatment of such problems. since they concern treatment, therapeutic terminations never refer to procedures that would deliberately kill a patient. In contrast, diagnostic terminations may describe deadly conditions. this must be reflected in our definitions of terms, e.g. craniectomy = the cutting out of something involving (not the fatal "cutting out of the skull" itself).
58
x-o-theraphy
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations treatment by means of x chem-o-therapy=- treatment by means of chemicals
59
x-o-stasis
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the stopping of x therm-o-stasis = the stopping of heat home-o-stasis = the stopping of _something involving_ sameness
60
x-o-plasty
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the surgical repairing of x cub-o-plasis = the formation of a cube cub-o-plasty = the surgical repairing of acube cub-o-plast-ic => p.t. the formation of a cube => p.t. the surgical repairing of a cube
61
x-o-centesis
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the surgical puncturing of x amni-o-centesis= the surgical puncturing of amnion (i.e. of the amniotic sack/ fluid)
62
x-o-tomy
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the cutting of x tonsill-o-tomy = the cutting of a./the tonsil(s)
63
x-ectomy
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the cutting out of x tonsill-ectomy = the cutting out of a/the tonsil(s)
64
x-o-stomy
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the making of an opening in x crani-o-stom-ize = to make an opening in the skull (-ize) crani-o-stom-ist = one who makes an opening in the skull (-ist)
65
x-ics
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the science of x
66
x-ics + x-ist => x-icist
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations one who specializes in the science of x crani-o-genet-icist = one who specializes in the science of the production of the skull
67
x-o-logy
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the study of x bi-o-logy = the study of life bi-o-log-ic = p.t. the study of life bi-o-log-ic-al = p.t. something p.t. the study of life => in practice there is no difference in the meaning between biologic and biological and other such terms, however this is not the case in every day language is in the case of economic and economical crani-o-mega-logy = the study of the enlargement of the skull => we might expect the spelling of craniomegalology, but avoid it because it is awkward
68
x-o-scopy
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the examination of x crani-atroph-ic-o-scopy = the examination of something p.t. the lack of growth of the skull
69
x-o-graphy
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the recording of x
70
x-o-graph
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations an instrument for recording x crani-atroph-ic-o-graph = an instrument for recording something p.t. the lack of growth of the skull
71
x-o-pexy
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the adhesion of x (diagnostic) the fixation of x (therapeutic)
72
x-o-lysis
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the disintegration of x (diagnostic) the separation of the adhesions of x (therapeutic)
73
x-o-trophism
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations the tendency to preferentially affect x (diagnostic or therapeutic)
74
x-o-phage
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations something (or a cell) which ingest x
75
x-o-tome
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations an instrument for cutting x x-o-tom-ic => usually means p.t. the cutting of x rather than p.t. an instrument for cutting of x
76
x-extome
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations an instrument for cutting out x
77
x-o-scope
Derived suffixes: Therapeutic Terminations an instrument for examining x
78
x-o-genic
Special Adjectives producing x => not p.t the production of x carcin-o-genic = producing cancer
79
x-o-genous
Special Adjectives produced by x => not p.t. something produced by x carnin-o-genous = produced by cancer
80
x-o-trophic
p.t. the growth/ nourishment of x
81
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-iasis
x-iasis (x-iast-ic)
82
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-o-phagy
x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous)
83
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-o-genesis
x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic)
84
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-algia
x-algia (x-alg-ic)
85
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-o-rrhexis
x-o-rrhexis (x-o-rrhect-ic)
86
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-o-schisis
x-o-schisis (x-o-schist-ic)
87
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-edema
x-edema (x-edemat-ous)
88
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-o-malacia
x-o-malacia (x-o-malac-ic)
89
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-o-stenosis
x-o-stenosis (x-o-stenot-ic)
90
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-agra
x-agra (x-agr-al)
91
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-o-plasia
x-o-plasia (x-o-plast-ic)
92
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-ectopia
x-ectopia (x-ectop-ic)
93
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-o-dysplasia
x-o-dysplasia (x-odysplast-ic)
94
Specify the adjectival/combining form! x-ectasia
x-ectasia (x-ectat-ic)
95
craniomalacize
crani-o-malac-ize – to soften the skull
96
craniomegalia
crani-o-megalia – the enlargement of the skull
97
craniedematous
crani-edemat-ous – p.t. the swelling of the skull
98
craniostenotic
crani-o-stenot-ic – p.t. the narrowing of the skull
99
craniopenia
crani-o-penia – a deficiency of something involving the skull
100
craniolithiasis
crani-o-lith-iasis – the abnormal presence of a calculus | in(volving) the skull
101
craniosclerotogenetic
crani-o-sclerot-o-genet-ic – p.t. the production of the | hardening of the skull
102
laryngodynia
laryng-odynia – pain in the larynx
103
laryngostomin
laryng-o-stom-in – a substance that makes an opening in | the larynx
104
laryngostomize
laryng-o-stom-ize – to make an opening in the larynx
105
laryngostomist
laryng-o-stom-ist – one who makes an opening in the larynx
106
laryngorrheic
laryng-o-rrhe-ic – p.t. the flowing of something from the | larynx
107
laryngorrheogenesis
laryng-o-rrhe-o-genesis – the production of the flowing of | something from the larynx
108
neuredematodysplastic
neur-edemat-o-dysplast-ic – p.t. the defective formation of something involving the swelling of the nerves
109
craniototrophic laryngectopodynia
crani-ot-o-troph-ic laryng-ectop-odynia – pain involving the displacement of the larynx, p.t. the growth/nourishment of something involving an abnormal condition involving the skull
110
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ch 1 part 2, Specify the adjectival/combining form practice, and intro to latin

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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