Flashcards in Ch 2: General Anatomy Deck (64)
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1
som(at)-o-
General Anatomy
the body
somat-o-path-o-genet-icist = one who specializes in the science of the production of diseases of the body
som-o-kinet-algia = pain _involving_ the movement of the body
2
epiderm(at)-o-
the epidermis
3
cephal-o-
the head
4
prosop-o-
the face`
5
faci-o-
the face
6
thorac-o-
the chest
7
steth-o-
the chest
8
omphal-o-
the navel
9
umbil(ic)-o-
the navel
10
cervic-o-
the neck
11
trachel-o-
the neck
12
Anthrop-o-
humanity
antrop-o-log-ist = one who studies humanity
antrop-o-genic = _produced by_ humanity
=> we might expect a term like "anthropogenic climate change" to mean "climate change _producing humanity_", but of course this is not how the term is actually used.
13
derm(at)-o-
epiderm(at)-o-
General Anatomy
derm(at)-o- the skin
epiderm(at)-o- the epidermis
epi-derm-o-lyt-ic
=> p.t. the disintegration of the epidermis (diagnostic)
=> p.t. the separation of the adhesions of the epidermis (therapeutic)
14
cyt-o-
General Anatomy
cyt-o- cell
-x-o-cyt-e- = a cell of x
laryng-o-cyt-e = a cell of the larynx
dermato-o-cyt-ic = p.t. (a/the) cell(s) of the skin
=> p.t. a cell of the skin
=> p.t. the cells of the skin
=> p.t. cells of the skin
15
arthr-o-
General Anatomy
joint
arthr-itis - the inflammation of (a/the) joint(s)
arthr-al-itis = the inflammation of _something_ p.t. (a/the) joint(s)
arthr-o-kinet-o-metr-icist = one who specializes in the science of the measurement of the movement of (a/the) joint(s).
16
acr-o-
General Anatomy
extreme parts (extremities)
note that acr-o often functions as a prefix, i.e. its meaning belongs to that of the combining form which it immediately precedes
=> acromastitis
acr-o-mast-itis = the inflammation of the extremities of a breast
acr-o-mast-itis = the inflammation of a breast, involving the extremities (of the breast)
these mean the same thing
17
mel-o-
General Anatomy (limb)
mel-o-acr-it-ic = p.t. the inflammation of the extremities of the limbs
arthr-o-mel-it-ic
=/=> p.t. the inflammation of the limbs of the joints
==>p.t. the inflammation of the limbs, involving the joints
==>p.t. the inflammation of the limbs and the joints
18
subordination and coordination
A) "of" (subordination)
B) "involving"
C) "and" (coordination)
19
Cytopathogenetic
sub and coord
A) “of” (subordination)
B) “involving”
C) “and” (coordination)
cyt-o-path-o-genet-ic
==>p.t. the production of diseases of cells
=/=>p.t. the production of diseases, involving cells
=/=>p.t. the production of diseases and cells
Subordinate (with “of”) whenever possible
20
faciocephalalgia
sub and coord
A) “of” (subordination)
B) “involving”
C) “and” (coordination)
faci-o-cephal-algia
=/=>pain in the head of the face
==>pain in the head, involving the face
=/=>pain in the head and the face
Use “involving” when subordination makes no sense, but when the things in question are notequal. In this example, the face and head are not equal because the face is simply part of the head.
The use of “involving” is especially common when describing disorders, e.g. z-x-itis (“the inflammation of x, involving z”).
21
pedocheiroanesthesia
sub and coord
A) “of” (subordination)
B) “involving”
C) “and” (coordination)
ped-o-cheir-o-anesthesia
=/=>the loss of perception in the hands of the feet
=/=>the loss of perception in the hands, involving the feet
==>the loss of perception in the handsandfeet
==>the loss of perception in the feetandhands
Coordinate (with “and”) when subordination makes no sense, and the parts in question are equal. A sure sign of such equality is that the order of coordinated parts can be switched without changing the meaning of the definition, as in the above example.
Note that it is often ambiguous whether “involving” or “and” is better, and often either is acceptable.
The use of “and” is especially common when describing anatomy.
22
Sub and coord
terminations that have "of" or "involving" in their definitions: the ABC rules do not apply
==> examples
x-itis: _the inflammation of x_ (never “involving x”)
x-osis: _an abnormal condition involving_ x (never “of x”)
23
mel-o-
General Anatomy
limb
acr-o-mel-ot-o-plasty
=> The surgical repairing of something involving an abnormal condition involving the extremities of the limbs
Recall that acr-o often acts as a prefix
24
cephal-o-
General Anatomy
the head
en-cephal-itis => inflammation of something inside the head
=> en meaning inside is another prefix
25
trich-o-
General Anatomy
hair
trich-(in)-osis
=> an abnormal condition involving a (substance of) [the] hair
=> this refers to a disease caused by the trichinella genus of roundworms
26
ot-o
General Anatomy
ear
note the similarity to the combining form of x-osis (x-ot-o)
when referring to the ear, to will tend to come at the beginning of a term
otherwise "ot" is likely to be a form of x-osis
27
ot-o-laryng-o-logy
=/=> the study of the larynx of the ear
==> the study of the larynx, involving an/the ear(s)
28
acr-ot-algia
pain involving an abnormal condition involving the extremities
pain involving the extremities of an/the ear(s)
29
derm-ot-ic
p.t. an abnormal condition involving the skin
30
ot-o-dermat-osis
an abnormal condition involving the skin of an/the ear(s)
31
faci-o-
General Anatomy
the face
faci-al
=> p.t. the face
32
cervic-o
General Anatomy
the neck
the cervix uteri (i.e. the neck of the uterus)
33
cervical
General Anatomy
p.t. the neck
p.t. the cervix uteri
34
trachel-o
General Anatomy
the neck
trachel-ectomy
=/=> the cutting out of the neck
=/=> the cutting out of something involving the neck
==> the cutting out of the cervix of the uterus
35
acromelodysplasia
acr-o-mel-o-dysplasia
NOT acr-om-el-o-dysplasia
=> the defective formation of the extremities of a/the limb(s)
36
branchi-o
brachi-o-ancon-ot-ic
General Anatomy
brachi-o= arm
brachi-o-ancon-ot-ic
=/=>p.t. an abnormal condition involving the elbow of the arm
There is no need for a term with such a definition, since elbows are only found on the arms: “anconotic” would be a simpler way of saying the same thing.
==>p.t. an abnormal condition involving an elbow, involving an arm
37
ancon-o
ancon-o-brachi-ot-ic
General Anatomy
ancon-o = elbow
ancon-o-brachi-ot-ic
=/=>p.t. an abnormal condition involving an arm of an elbow
Subordination impossible: elbows do not have arms of their own.
==>p.t. an abnormal condition involving an arm, involving an elbow
38
ch(e)ir-o
General Anatomy
hand
cheir-urge-on
=> one who works with their hands (greek)
cheirurgeon >>> surgeon
as an adjectival form, we say manu-al, from the Latin manus (hand)
39
dactyl-o
General Anatomy
digit
cheir-o-dactyl-ia
=> an abnormal condition involving a/the digit(s) of a/the hand(s)
the is not redundant because their is also digits of the foot
40
onych-o
General Anatomy
nail
dactyl-onych-o-schist-ic
=> p.t. the splitting of a/the nail(s), involving a/the digit(s)
41
mast-o
General Anatomy
breast
=> this form can refer to the mammary glands of a breast, or to a part of a breast, or to a whole breast as an area
42
thel-e
General Anatomy
nipple
=> usage of the combining vowel e
thel-e-plasty
+> the surgical repairing of a/the nipple(s)
thely-genic
=> producing female offspring
43
brachiokinetic
brachi-o-kinet-ic – p.t. the movement of an/the
arm(s)
44
brachialokinetic
brachi-al-o-kinet-ic – p.t. the movement of
something p.t. an/the arm(s)
45
cytoplasia
cyt-o-plasia – the formation of (a/the) cell(s)
46
cyticoplasia
cyt-ic-o-plasia- the formation of something p.t.
(a/the) cell(s)
47
omphalostomy
omphal-o-stomy
48
umbilicocele
umbilic-o-cele
49
blepharosclerotic
blephar-o-sclerot-ic
50
cephalotomy
cephal-o-tomy
51
dactylographist
dactyl-o-graph-ist – one who records something
involving the digits
52
dactylographics
dactyl-o-graph-ics – the science of the recording of
something involving the digits
53
dactylography
dactyl-o-graphy – the recording of something
involving the digits
54
anconopathogeneticist
ancon-o-path-o-genet-icist – one who specializes in the science of
the production of diseases of the elbow
55
rhinotiatric
rhin-ot-iatr-ic – p.t. the healing of an abnormal condition involving
the nose
56
acromeloplasty
acr-o-mel-o-plasty – the surgical repairing of the extremities of the
limbs
57
cytotropin
cyt-o-trop-in – a substance which preferentially affects the cells
58
dactylicodystrophic
dactyl-ic-o-dystroph-ic – p.t. the defective growth of something
p.t. the digits
59
trachelorrhagic
trachel-o-rrhag-ic – p.t. the rapid flowing of something from
the neck
60
craniostenotology
crani-o-stenot-o-logy – the study of the narrowing of the skull
61
thoracicectomize
thorac-ic-ectom-ize – to cut out something p.t. the chest
62
arthralostomic
arthr-al-o-stom-ic – p.t. the making of an opening in
something p.t. the joints
63
brachialasthenic
brachi-al-asthen-ic – p.t. the lack of strength of
something p.t. the arms
64
