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Anatomy & Physiology 1 STLCC BIO 207-408 > Ch 1 Terms & Objectives list > Flashcards

Ch 1 Terms & Objectives list Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the body structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the body function

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3
Q

Cytology

A

Study of Cells (requires microscope)

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4
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues (requires microscope)

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5
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Study of structures without a microscope

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6
Q

System Anatomy

A

Study of groups of structures with common functions

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7
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Study of exterior body to help visualize interior of the body

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8
Q

Organelle

A

Molecules form organelles (nucleus, mitochondria)

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9
Q

Cells

A

Basic structural functional unit of all organisms made of organelles

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10
Q

Tissues

A

Collection of cells

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11
Q

Organs

A

Multiple tissues form organs

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12
Q

Organ systems

A

Group of organs with common function

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13
Q

Organism

A

Collection of organ systems form organism

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14
Q

Organization (characteristic if life)

A

Interrelationships among parts of an organism

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15
Q

Metabolism (characteristic of life)

A

Ability to use energy to perform vital functions

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16
Q

Responsiveness (characteristic of life)

A

Ability to sense changes in internal and external environments and adjust to those changes

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17
Q

Growth (characteristic of life)

A

Increase in size or number of cells in organism

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18
Q

Development (characteristic of life)

A

Changes the organism undergoes though time (fertilization - death)

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19
Q

Reproduction (characteristic of life)

A

Formation of new cells or a new organism

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

Exitance and maintenance of relatively constant environment on the body

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21
Q

Negative feedback

A

Response to resist stimulus and return to normal range

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22
Q

Receptor

A

Monitors a condition by detecting stimuli

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23
Q

Control Center

A

Receives information from receptors about a change and sends command to an effector

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24
Q

Effector

A

Returns condition back to normal

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25
Positive feedback
Response to stimulus is to increase deviation to condition (until something stops it)
26
Anatomical position
A person standing erect with face forward, upper limbs hanging by sides and palms facing forward
27
Supine
Laying face upward
28
Prone
Laying face downward
29
Superior
Above (relative to...)
30
Cephalic
Toward the head
31
Inferior
Below (in relationship to...)
32
Caudal
Toward the tail
33
Anterior
In front
34
Ventral
Toward the belly
35
Posterior
Behind
36
Dorsal
Toward the back
37
Proximal
In proximity or close to
38
Distal
In the distance or far from
39
Medial
Toward the midline
40
Lateral
Away from the midline
41
Superficial
Close to the surface of the body
42
Deep
Toward the interior of the body
43
Most superior (cephalic) body part
Head
44
Body part inferior to Head and superior to Trunk
Neck
45
Body part inferior to neck and superior to Lower Limbs
Trunk
46
Body parts within the Trunk
Thorax- Heart & Lungs Abdomen- Organs; such as liver, stomach, intestines Pelvis- Bladder & Reproductive organs
47
Thoracic (Thorax)
Heart & Lungs
48
Abdomen
Organs such as liver, stomach & intestines
49
Pelvis
Bladder & reproductive organs
50
Upper Limb contains:
Arm Forearm Wrist Manual (Hand)
51
Lower Limb contains:
Thigh Leg Ankle Pedal (Foot)
52
Arm
Proximal to the shoulder
53
Forearm
Proximal to the Wrist
54
Thigh
Proximal to the hip
55
Leg
Proximal to the Ankle
56
Quadrants
subdividing the abdomen into four parts
57
List four quandrants
Right Upper Left Upper Right Lower Left Lower
58
Regions
subdividing the abdomen into nine parts
59
List Nine Regions
Epigastric Umbilical Hypogastric Left & Right Hypochondrial Left & Right Lumbar Left & Right Iliac
60
Sagittal Plane
Divides the body into left and right halves
61
Medial Plane
Sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
62
Transverse (horizontal) plane
divides the body into superior and inferior portions
63
Frontal (Coronal) Plane
Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
64
Longitudinal Section
Cut through he length of an organ
65
Transerve (Cross) section
Cut at right angle (Perpendicular) to length of organ
66
Oblique Section
Diagonal cut across an organ
67
Dorsal Cavity
Dorsal= Towards the back -Cranial cavity; brain -Vertebral Canal; Spinal cord -Both covered by meninges
68
Ventral cavity
Ventral= Toward the belly -Thoracic Cavity -Pleural Cavity -Mediastinum -Pericardial cavity -Abdominopelvic cavity from the superior/inferior view -Abdominal cavity -Pelvic Cavity or front to back -Peritoneal Cavity -Retroperitoneal Cavity -Serous Membranes
69
Peritoneal cavity
contains: Liver, Digestive organs, reproductive organs
70
Retroperitoneal Cavity
Retro= Behind the peritoneal cavity Contains: Kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, large portion of pancreas, parts of the large intestines and urinary bladder
71
Thoracic Cavity
Pleural Cavity Mediastinum
72
Pleural Cavities
-Pleura = Lung
73
Mediastinum
Heart, Thymus, Trachea, Esophagus
74
Pericardial Cavity
Peri=around cardial=the Heart
75
Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity or Peritoneal cavity Retroperitoneal cavity
76
Abdominal Cavity
Stomach, Intestines, Liver & Spleen
77
Pelvic cavity
Urinary Bladder Urethra, rectum of large intestine & reproductive organs
78
Peritoneal Cavity
Contains Liver, Digestive organs & reproductive organs
79
Retroperitoneal Cavity
Retro=Behind peritoneal cavity -Kidneys, Ureters, Adrenal Glands, large portion of the pancreas parts of the large intestine & urinary bladder
80
Define Serous membrane
Two layered membrane lubricated by serous fluid -Parietal layer - lines a cavity -Visceral layer - covers organs contained in that cavity
81
Serous membrane of Pleural Cavity
- Parietal Pleura; Lines the pleural cavity - Visceral Pleura; Covers the lungs
82
Serous membrane of the Pericardial cavity
-Parietal Pericardium; lines the pericardial cavity -Visceral pericardium- covers the heart
83
Serous Membrane of the Peritoneal cavity
-Parietal Peritoneum; Lines the peritoneal cavity -Visceral Peritoneum; Cover the organs- Liver, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, mesenteries
84
Mesenteries
Double folded visceral peritoneum
85
Relationship between Structure and Function
Structure follows function, the overall structure should relate to its intended function
86
Organization and different levels of the human body
-Chemical level -Cell level -Tissue level -Organ level -Organ System level -Organism level
87
Characteristics of life
-Organization -Metabolism -Responsiveness -Growth -Development -Reproduction
88
Homeostasis and why its important for the human body
The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within a body -Cells function within a narrow range of conditions -Variables, changes in an environmental condition that can affect the body's condition -Body's ability to actively regulate its conditions despite these variable
89
Negative feedback
When any deviation to a specific condition occurs the response to the stimulus is to resist and return to normal range
90
Different components of the negative feedback and how they work together
-Receptor -Monitors a condition -Control Center- Receives information from the receptor about the change and sends a command to the Effector -Effector- Returns the condition back to normal
91
Give an example of negative feedback and describe the components that are involved
-Temperature receptors in skin detects increased body temperature (receptor) -The brain sends a command (Control Center) -Sweat Glands produce sweat to decrease body temperature (Effector)
92
Difference between negative feedback and positive feedback
Negative feedback- When any deviation to a specific condition occurs the response to the stimulus is to RESIST and return to normal range Positive feedback- When any deviation to a specific condition occurs, the response to the stimulus is to INCREASE the deviation even more
93
Give an example of positive feedback and how it works
-Stimulus- Babys head stretches the uterus stimulating contractions -Contraction push the baby's head against the opening stimulating more contractions and more stretching -What stops this? the birth of the baby
94
Difference between planes and sections
Planes- Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body dividing it into sections -Sagittal -Median sagittal -Transverse (Horizontal) -Frontal (Coronal) Sections- Organs can be sectioned to reveal their internal structure -Longitudinal (length) -Transverse (cross) -Oblique (diagonal)
95
Components of the Dorsal and Ventral cavities
Dorsal= Towards the back -Cranial cavity; brain -Vertebral Canal; Spinal cord -Both covered by meninges Ventral= Toward the belly -Thoracic Cavity -Pleural Cavity -Mediastinum -Pericardial cavity -Abdominopelvic cavity from the superior/inferior view -Abdominal cavity -Pelvic Cavity or front to back -Peritoneal Cavity -Retroperitoneal Cavity -Serous Membranes
96
Difference between the parietal and visceral layer of serous membranes
-Parietal layer - lines a cavity -Visceral layer - covers organs contained in that cavity
97
Give the three examples of cavities that have serous membranes
1) Pericardial cavity 2) Pleural cavity 3) Peritoneal Cavity

Anatomy & Physiology 1 STLCC BIO 207-408 (14 decks)

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