ch 10 central + peripheral nervous sytems

Question 1

made up of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

central nervous system

Question 2

system of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

meninges

Question 3

three layers of connective tissues in the meninges

Answer 3

dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater

Question 4

thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges

Answer 4

dura

Question 5

hard

Answer 5

dura

Question 6

mater

Answer 6

mother

Question 7

where is dura mater found

Answer 7

inner surface of the cranium

Question 8

inner surface of the vertebral column

Answer 8

epidural space

Question 9

epidural space function

Answer 9

contains fat and supportive connective tissue to cushion the dura mater

Question 10

located between dura mater and arachnoid membrane

Answer 10

subdural space

Question 11

second layer of meninges

Answer 11

arachnoid membrane

Question 12

located below arachnoid membrane and above pia mater, has CSF

Answer 12

subarachnoid space

Question 13

third layer of meninges located closest to the brain and spinal cord and has a rich supply of blood vessels

Answer 13

pia mater

Question 14

fluid produced by special capillaries within the four ventricles in the middle region of the cerebrum
- clear, colorless, watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord

Answer 14

CSF (spinal fluid)

Question 15

largest and uppermost portion of the brain and has four lobes

Answer 15

cerebum

Question 16

located below the cerebrum and relays sensory stimuli from the spinal cord and midbrain to the cerebral cortex (suppresses or magnifies stimuli)

Answer 16

thalamus

Question 17

located below thalamus and controls vital bodily functions

Answer 17

hypothalamus

Question 18

located in the lower back of the cranium below the cerebellum and coordinates muscular activity and balance for smooth and steady movements

Answer 18

cerebellum

Question 19

located in the base of the brain and forms the connection between the brain and spinal cord and controls breathing, digestion, heart rate, bp, and arousal

Answer 19

brainstem

Question 20

three parts of brain stem

Answer 20

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 21

pertaining to cerebrum or brain

Answer 21

cerebral

Question 22

elevated folds of gray matter in the cerebral cortex

Answer 22

gyri

Question 23

fissures of the cerebral cortex

Answer 23

sulci

Question 24

normally occurring deep groove

Answer 24

fissure

Question 25

outer layer of cerebrum made up of gyri and sulci

Answer 25

cerebral cortex

Question 26

cerebral cortex is made out of

Answer 26

gray matter

Question 27

cerebrum is divided into

Answer 27

two cerebral hemispheres

Question 28

where are the two cerebral hemispheres connected?

Answer 28

corpus callosum

Question 29

controls majority of functions on the right side of the body

Answer 29

left cerebral hemisphere

Question 30

controls most of the functions on the left side of the body

Answer 30

right cerebral hemisphere

Question 31

each cerebral hemisphere is subdivided to create pairs of

Answer 31

cerebral lobes

Question 32

each cerebral lobe is named for the bone of the cranium that covers it

Answer 32

true

Question 33

lobe that controls skilled motor functions, memory, and behavior

Answer 33

frontal lobe

Question 34

receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the tongue, skin, and muscles

Answer 34

parietal lobe

Question 35

lobe that controls eyesight

Answer 35

occipital lobe

Question 36

lobe that controls the senses of hearing and smell and the ability to create, store, and access new information

Answer 36

temporal lobe

Question 37

relays impulses to and from the cerebrum and sense organs of the body- located below cerebrum

Answer 37

thalamus

Question 38

controls seven major regulatory functions in the body and located below thalamus

Answer 38

hypothalamus

Question 39

second-largest part of the brain; located back of head and below the posterior portion of the cerebrum

Answer 39

cerebellum

Question 40

cerebellum functions

Answer 40

- receives incoming messages regarding movement within the body - produce smooth and coordinated movements to maintain equilibrium and sustain normal postures

Question 41

stalk like portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hempisheres with the spinal cord

Answer 41

brainstem

Question 42

7 regulatory functions of hypothalamus

Answer 42

1. regulates and integrates ANS (pulse, bp, resp rate, digestive activity) 2. regulates emotional responses (fear, pleasure) 3. regulates body temp 4. regulates food intake (controls hunger) 5. regulates thirst sensation and water intake 6. regulates sleep-wakefulness 7. regulates pituitary gland and endocrine activity

Question 43

provide conduction pathways to and from the higher and lower centers of the brain - control eye reflexes in response to stimuli

Answer 43

midbrain and pons

Question 44

located at the lowest part of brain stem and controls basic survival functions (respiration, pulse, bp, reflexes for cough, sneeze, swallow, vomit)

Answer 44

medulla oblongata

Question 45

long, fragile, tube-like structure that begins at the end of the brainstem and continues down almost to the bottom of the spinal column

Answer 45

spinal cord

Question 46

the spinal cord is protected by

Answer 46

CSF and meninges

Question 47

consists of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that extend from the brain, plus 31 pairs of spinal nerves that extend from the spinal cord

Answer 47

peripheral nervous system

Question 48

three types of peripheral nerves

Answer 48

autonomic, sensory, somatic nerve fibers

Question 49

fibers that carry instructions to the organs and glands from ANS

Answer 49

autonomic nerve fibers

Question 50

fibers receive external stimuli, such as how something feels, and transmit this information to the brain where it is interpreted

Answer 50

sensory nerve fibers

Question 51

fibers that convey information that controls the body's voluntary muscular movements.

Answer 51

somatic nerve fibers

Question 52

somatic nerve fibers AKA

Answer 52

motor nerve fibers

Question 53

these 12 pairs orginiate from undersurface of brain - 2 nerves of a pair are identical in function and serve each half of the body

Answer 53

cranial nerves

Question 54

how many pairs of peripheral spinal nerves?

Answer 54

31

Question 55

categories of peripheral spinal nerves

Answer 55

C1-C8 = cervical T1-T12 = thoracic L1 - L5 = lumbar S1 - S5 = sacral

Question 56

made up of first four lumbar nerves and serves lower back

Answer 56

lumbar plexus

Question 57

organized into two divisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic) - controls involuntary actions of the body and maintains homeostasis

Answer 57

autonomic nervous system

Question 58

prepare body for emergencies and stress by increasing resp rate, pulse, blood flow to muscles as part of the fight-or-flight response

Answer 58

sympathetic nerves

Question 59

body’s natural reaction to real or imaginary dangers

Answer 59

fight or flight response

Question 60

return body to normal after a response to stress and maintain normal body functions during ordinary circumstances that are not emotionally or physically stressful

Answer 60

parasympathetic nerves