chapter 10 nervous system functions + structures

Question 1

controls all bodily activities

Answer 1

nervous system

Question 2

major str of nervous system

Answer 2

nerves, brain, spinal cord, sensory organs

Question 3

central nervous system includes

Answer 3

-brain + spinal cord

Question 4

receive and process information and regulate all body activity

Answer 4

cns functions

Question 5

12 pairs of cranial nerves extending from the brain and 31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves extending outward from spinal cord

Answer 5

peripheral nervous system includes

Question 6

transmit nerve signals to and from the central nervous system

Answer 6

pns function

Question 7

one or more bundles of neurons that connect the brain and spinal cord with other parts of the body

Answer 7

nerve

Question 8

bundle or group of nerve fibers located in brain or spinal cord

Answer 8

tract

Question 9

carry nerve impulses towards the brain

Answer 9

ascending nerve tracts

Question 10

carry nerve impulses away from brain

Answer 10

descending nerve tracts

Question 11

nerve center made up of cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system

Answer 11

ganglion

Question 12

supply of nerves to a specific body part

Answer 12

innervation

Question 13

network of interesting spinal nerves (also a network of intersecting blood or lymphatic vessels)

Answer 13

plexus

Question 14

sites in sensory organs that receive external stimulation
- send stimulus through sensory neurons to the brain for interpretation

Answer 14

receptors

Question 15

anything that excites a nerve and causes an impulse

Answer 15

stimulus

Question 16

wave of excitation transmitted through nerve fibers and neurons

Answer 16

impulse

Question 17

automatic, involuntary response to some change, either inside or outside the body

Answer 17

reflex

Question 18

basic cells of nervous system that allow different parts of the body to communicate with each other

Answer 18

neurons

Question 19

patterns of neuron electrical activity (caused by billions of neurons carrying nerve impulses through the body via electrochemical process

Answer 19

brain waves

Question 20

ACE

Answer 20

afferent neurons, connecting neurons, efferent neurons

Question 21

toward

Answer 21

afferent

Question 22

away from

Answer 22

efferent

Question 23

afferent neurons aka

Answer 23

sensory neurons

Question 24

connecting neurons aka

Answer 24

associative neurons

Question 25

motor neurons aka

Answer 25

efferent neurons

Question 26

these neurons emerge from sensory organs and the skin to carry the impulses from the sensory organs toward the brain and spinal cord

Answer 26

sensory (afferent) neurons

Question 27

these neurons link afferent and efferent neurons

Answer 27

connecting/associative neurons

Question 28

these neurons carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord and toward the muscles and glands

Answer 28

motor neurons

Question 29

each neuron contains

Answer 29

cell body, dendrites, axon, terminal end fibers

Question 30

root like processes that receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body

Answer 30

dendrite

Question 31

str that extends out from cell body

Answer 31

process

Question 32

process that conducts impulses away from the nerve cell

Answer 32

axon - can be over three feet long - many protected by myelin sheath

Question 33

white, fatty tissue covering

Answer 33

myelin sheath

Question 34

branching fibers at the end of the axon that lead the nerve impulse from the axon to the synapse

Answer 34

terminal end fibers

Question 35

space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor organ

Answer 35

synapse - a neuron can have a few or several hundred synapses

Question 36

chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor

Answer 36

neurotransmitters

Question 37

there are about __ to __ known neurotransmitters

Answer 37

200 to 300

Question 38

neurotransmitter released at some synapses at spinal cord and at neuromuscular junctions; influences muscle action

Answer 38

acetylcholine

Question 39

neurotransmitter released within the brain; associated with schizophrenia, mood and thought disorders, and abnormal movement disorders (parkinsons)

Answer 39

dopamine

Question 40

naturally occurring substances produced by the brain to help relieve pain

Answer 40

endorphins

Question 41

neurotransmitter that affects alertness and arousal, increases bp and HR, and releases stores of glucose in response to stress; hormone released by adrenal gland as part of flight/fight response

Answer 41

norepinepherine

Question 42

neurotransmitter released in the brain that has roles in sleep, hunger, pleasure recognition and mood disorders

Answer 42

serotonin

Question 43

cells that provide support and protection for neurons

Answer 43

glial cells

Question 44

four main functions of glial cells

Answer 44

1. surround neurons and hold them in place 2. supply o2 and nutrients to neurons 3. insulate one neuron from another 4. destroy and remove dead neurons

Question 45

white sheath of protective covering made up of glial cells - forms white matter of brain, covers parts of spinal cord, covers axons of most peripheral nerves

Answer 45

myelin sheath

Question 46

portion of nerve fibers that are myelinated

Answer 46

white matter

Question 47

having a myelin sheath

Answer 47

myelinated

Question 48

portions of unmyelinated nerve fibers

Answer 48

gray matter

Question 49

lacking myelin sheath

Answer 49

unmyelinated

Question 50

cranial nerve 1

Answer 50

olfactory

Question 51

cranial nerve 2

Answer 51

optic