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mt > december 6 lecture notes > Flashcards

december 6 lecture notes Flashcards

1
Q

what can the stomach absorb

A
  • very limited
  • h20, alcohol, lipid soluble drugs, salts
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2
Q

gastric bypass surgery also known as

A

Roux-en-Y

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3
Q

gastric juices have what digestive enzymes?

A

pepsinogen and gastric lipase

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4
Q

what do gastric juices have

A

digestive enzymes (pepsinogen, gastric lipase), HCl, mucus, IF

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5
Q

pepsinogen becomes ____ in the presence of ____

A

pepsin, HCl

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6
Q

pepsin function

A

protein breakdown

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7
Q

gastric lipase works on

A

butterfat
- weak bc very acidic

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8
Q

mucus is ___

A

alkaline

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9
Q

mucus function in stomach

A

prevents pepsin from breaking down stomach wall lining

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10
Q

hormone released by stomach cells that inhibit acid secretions

A

somatostatin

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11
Q

hormone that suppresses somatostatin and stimulates gastric secretions

A

acetylcholine

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12
Q

acetylcholine is released from where

A

vagus nerve

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13
Q

vagus nerve is part of which system?

A

parasympathetic system

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14
Q

hormone that increases gastric secretions?

A

gastrin

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15
Q

hormone released as a result of gastrin and parasympathetic secretions, resulting in more gastric secretions

A

histamine

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16
Q

three stages of gastric secretions

A

cephalic, gastric, intestinal

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17
Q

gastric functions: cephalic

A

causes gastric secretion at the taste, smell, sight or thought of food

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18
Q

gastric functions: gastric

A

distention of stomach due to presence of food

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19
Q

gastric function (gastric stage) caused by

A

pH

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20
Q

gastric functions: intestinal

A

occurs when food enters intestine, initially promotes secretion of gastric juice

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21
Q

____ causes decrease in gastric motility

A

cholecystokinin (signals fat emulsification by bile)

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22
Q

this reflex results in inhibiting peristalsis and slowing intestinal filling

A

enterogastric reflex

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23
Q

this reflex is caused by irritation or distention of the stomach/intestines or signs, sounds, odors, tastes, etc.

A

vomiting

24
Q

what part of brain controls vomiting ?

A

medulla oblongata

25
Q

pancreas secretes gastric juices through what?

A

pancreatic duct

26
Q

enzymes that digest carbs, fats, proteins, and nucleic acid

A

pancreatic juice

27
Q

what stimulates production of pancreatic juices?

A

nerve actions and hormones (secretin)

28
Q

hepatic lobules are functional units

A

true

29
Q

lobes of liver

A

R, L, 2 minor lobes

30
Q

functions of liver

A
  1. carb, lipid, protein metabolism
  2. stores substnaces
  3. removes substances and toxins from blood
  4. secretes bike
31
Q

bile consists of what?

A

water, bile salts, pigments, cholesterol, electrolytes

32
Q

pancreatic cancer is a type of

A

adenocarcinoma

33
Q

regulation of pancreatic secretion steps

A
  1. acidic chyme enters duodenum
  2. intestinal mucosa releases secretin into the bloodstream
  3. secretin stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate ions
  4. pancreatic juice rich in HCO3 ions passes down pancreatic ducts to the duodenum
  5. HCO3 ions neutralize acidic chyme
34
Q

gallbladder attached to liver by ___ ___

A

cystic duct

35
Q

gallbladder function

A

stores bile and releases bile into duodenum when cholecystokinin is released

36
Q

gallbladder releases bile into duodenum through the

A

common bile duct

37
Q

increased concentration of bile cholesterol crystallizes

A

gallstones

38
Q

this happens when increased amounts of bile pigments deposited in blood

A

jaundice

39
Q

term for yellowing of body part

A

icteric

40
Q

total bowel obstruction causes

A

vomiting of feces

41
Q

what does small intestine secrete?

A

mucus, watery fluid

42
Q

enzymes in microvilli

A

peptidases, sucrase, maltase, lactase, intestinal lipase, enterokinase

43
Q

lactose intolerance prevalence

A

african americans, asians, hispanics

44
Q

movements of small intestine

A

segmentations and peristalsis

45
Q

how long does it take to move chyme through enter/o

A

3-10 hours

46
Q

absorption in entero

A

low density lipoprotein, HDL, h20, electrolytes

47
Q

LDL

A

cholesterol to tissues delivery

48
Q

HDL

A

remove cholesterol from tissues and takes to liver

49
Q

signs of malabsorption

A

slits on tongue, cachexia, thinning hair

50
Q

metamucil

A

very good as keeps intestines clean

51
Q

burping

A

eructation

52
Q

large intestine secretes

A

mucus

53
Q

bacteria that live in intestinal tract that can breakdown molecules and provide us with vitamin K, b12, thiamin, riboflavin

A

intestinal flora

54
Q

when checking for bowel sounds, start at

A

ileocecum

55
Q

defecation reflex aka

A

valsalva maneuver

56
Q
A

mt (7 decks)

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