december 6 lecture notes

Question 1

what can the stomach absorb

Answer 1

• very limited
• h20, alcohol, lipid soluble drugs, salts

Question 2

gastric bypass surgery also known as

Answer 2

Roux-en-Y

Question 3

gastric juices have what digestive enzymes?

Answer 3

pepsinogen and gastric lipase

Question 4

what do gastric juices have

Answer 4

digestive enzymes (pepsinogen, gastric lipase), HCl, mucus, IF

Question 5

pepsinogen becomes ____ in the presence of ____

Answer 5

pepsin, HCl

Question 6

pepsin function

Answer 6

protein breakdown

Question 7

gastric lipase works on

Answer 7

butterfat
- weak bc very acidic

Question 8

mucus is ___

Answer 8

alkaline

Question 9

mucus function in stomach

Answer 9

prevents pepsin from breaking down stomach wall lining

Question 10

hormone released by stomach cells that inhibit acid secretions

Answer 10

somatostatin

Question 11

hormone that suppresses somatostatin and stimulates gastric secretions

Answer 11

acetylcholine

Question 12

acetylcholine is released from where

Answer 12

vagus nerve

Question 13

vagus nerve is part of which system?

Answer 13

parasympathetic system

Question 14

hormone that increases gastric secretions?

Answer 14

gastrin

Question 15

hormone released as a result of gastrin and parasympathetic secretions, resulting in more gastric secretions

Answer 15

histamine

Question 16

three stages of gastric secretions

Answer 16

cephalic, gastric, intestinal

Question 17

gastric functions: cephalic

Answer 17

causes gastric secretion at the taste, smell, sight or thought of food

Question 18

gastric functions: gastric

Answer 18

distention of stomach due to presence of food

Question 19

gastric function (gastric stage) caused by

Answer 19

pH

Question 20

gastric functions: intestinal

Answer 20

occurs when food enters intestine, initially promotes secretion of gastric juice

Question 21

____ causes decrease in gastric motility

Answer 21

cholecystokinin (signals fat emulsification by bile)

Question 22

this reflex results in inhibiting peristalsis and slowing intestinal filling

Answer 22

enterogastric reflex

Question 23

this reflex is caused by irritation or distention of the stomach/intestines or signs, sounds, odors, tastes, etc.

Answer 23

vomiting

Question 24

what part of brain controls vomiting ?

Answer 24

medulla oblongata

Question 25

pancreas secretes gastric juices through what?

Answer 25

pancreatic duct

Question 26

enzymes that digest carbs, fats, proteins, and nucleic acid

Answer 26

pancreatic juice

Question 27

what stimulates production of pancreatic juices?

Answer 27

nerve actions and hormones (secretin)

Question 28

hepatic lobules are functional units

Answer 28

true

Question 29

lobes of liver

Answer 29

R, L, 2 minor lobes

Question 30

functions of liver

Answer 30

1. carb, lipid, protein metabolism 2. stores substnaces 3. removes substances and toxins from blood 4. secretes bike

Question 31

bile consists of what?

Answer 31

water, bile salts, pigments, cholesterol, electrolytes

Question 32

pancreatic cancer is a type of

Answer 32

adenocarcinoma

Question 33

regulation of pancreatic secretion steps

Answer 33

1. acidic chyme enters duodenum 2. intestinal mucosa releases secretin into the bloodstream 3. secretin stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate ions 4. pancreatic juice rich in HCO3 ions passes down pancreatic ducts to the duodenum 5. HCO3 ions neutralize acidic chyme

Question 34

gallbladder attached to liver by ___ ___

Answer 34

cystic duct

Question 35

gallbladder function

Answer 35

stores bile and releases bile into duodenum when cholecystokinin is released

Question 36

gallbladder releases bile into duodenum through the

Answer 36

common bile duct

Question 37

increased concentration of bile cholesterol crystallizes

Answer 37

gallstones

Question 38

this happens when increased amounts of bile pigments deposited in blood

Answer 38

jaundice

Question 39

term for yellowing of body part

Answer 39

icteric

Question 40

total bowel obstruction causes

Answer 40

vomiting of feces

Question 41

what does small intestine secrete?

Answer 41

mucus, watery fluid

Question 42

enzymes in microvilli

Answer 42

peptidases, sucrase, maltase, lactase, intestinal lipase, enterokinase

Question 43

lactose intolerance prevalence

Answer 43

african americans, asians, hispanics

Question 44

movements of small intestine

Answer 44

segmentations and peristalsis

Question 45

how long does it take to move chyme through enter/o

Answer 45

3-10 hours

Question 46

absorption in entero

Answer 46

low density lipoprotein, HDL, h20, electrolytes

Question 47

LDL

Answer 47

cholesterol to tissues delivery

Question 48

HDL

Answer 48

remove cholesterol from tissues and takes to liver

Question 49

signs of malabsorption

Answer 49

slits on tongue, cachexia, thinning hair

Question 50

metamucil

Answer 50

very good as keeps intestines clean

Question 51

burping

Answer 51

eructation

Question 52

large intestine secretes

Answer 52

mucus

Question 53

bacteria that live in intestinal tract that can breakdown molecules and provide us with vitamin K, b12, thiamin, riboflavin

Answer 53

intestinal flora

Question 54

when checking for bowel sounds, start at

Answer 54

ileocecum

Question 55

defecation reflex aka

Answer 55

valsalva maneuver