december 5 lecture notes

Question 1

digestion of carbs starts where?

Answer 1

mouth

Question 2

what digestion happens in the mouth?

Answer 2

carb digestion, mastication

Question 3

swallowing is called

Answer 3

deglutition

Question 4

after swallowing, food is called

Answer 4

bolus

Question 5

how is breathing inhibited during swallowing

Answer 5

sensory receptors lead to uvula going up and epiglottis going down

Question 6

how much food does the stomach hold

Answer 6

one liter

Question 7

where does protein breakdown start during digestion?

Answer 7

stomach

Question 8

what is food called after it leaves the stomach?

Answer 8

chyme

Question 9

four layers of the alimentary canal?

Answer 9

mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serous layer

Question 10

mucosa and mucous membrane of the GI canal

Answer 10

• inner most layer (from outside, from the inside, it is the layer that touches the food)
• has projections (villi) to increase surface area
• absorption
• has glands to secrete mucus and enzymes

Question 11

submucosa

Answer 11

has blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, caries away absorbed nutrients

Question 12

muscular layer

Answer 12

smooth muscle with two layers

Question 13

two layers of muscular layer of alimentary canal

Answer 13

circular fibers and longitudinal fibers

Question 14

serous layer

Answer 14

outer covering with visceral peritoneum

Question 15

inner lining of cheeks is made of what?

Answer 15

moist stratified squamous epithelial cells

Question 16

tongue is a

Answer 16

skeletal muscle

Question 17

when do primary (deciduous teeth) develop

Answer 17

between 6 months and 2.5 years

Question 18

when do secondary teeth develop

Answer 18

around age 6 and 17-25 years

Question 19

how much of your diet should be meat?

Answer 19

1/8

Question 20

teeth that come in first?

Answer 20

incisors

Question 21

what is it called when wisdom teeth do not push through the gums?

Answer 21

impacted

Question 22

pH of saliva?

Answer 22

6.5 to 7.5 (due to HCO3 ions)

Question 23

amylase function

Answer 23

splits starch and glycogen

Question 24

mucus function

Answer 24

binds and lubricates food

Question 25

2 types of secretory cells?

Answer 25

serous and mucus

Question 26

serous cells function

Answer 26

produce watery fluid and amylase

Question 27

submandibular glands saliva??

Answer 27

serous with mucus

Question 27

parotid glands saliva??

Answer 27

serous fluid with amylase

Question 28

sublingual glands saliva?

Answer 28

thick mucus

Question 29

ph of hcl

Answer 29

3

Question 30

medications for pyrosis

Answer 30

prilosec, prevacid

Question 31

what causes pyrosis?

Answer 31

sphincters dont close, so food refluxes or regurgitates and causes mucosa inflammation

Question 32

lower esophageal sphincter holds ___ in stomach

Answer 32

hcl

Question 33

the human body is not designed for 3 meals/day

Answer 33

true

Question 34

proton pump inhibitors used to treat gerd work on which ion?

Answer 34

H ion

Question 35

#1 cause of gerd

Answer 35

bacteria (H.pylori)