Ch 10 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
fasci/o
A
band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
2
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber, fibrous tissue
3
Q
leiomy/o
A
smooth muscle (visceral)
4
Q
lumb/o
A
loins (lower back)
5
Q
muscul/o
A
muscle
6
Q
my/o
A
muscle
7
Q
-rrhexis
A
rupture
8
Q
ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o
A
tendon
9
Q
-algia
A
pain
10
Q
-asthenia
A
weakness, debility
11
Q
-pathy
A
disease
12
Q
-plegia
A
paralysis
13
Q
-rrhaphy
A
suture
14
Q
-sarcoma
A
malignant tumor of connective tissue
15
Q
-tomy
A
incision
16
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage
17
Q
cost/o
A
ribs
18
Q
skeletal muscle
A
muscle fibers composed of striations that move bones of the skeleton and work mostly in a voluntary manner
19
Q
cardiac muscle
A
muscle fibers composed of striations. found only in the heart and work involuntarily
20
Q
smooth muscle
A
muscle fibers are shorter and lack striations and usually function involuntarily, i.e. gastrointestinal tract
21
Q
flexion
A
bending of a limb
opposite of extension
22
Q
abduction
A
movement away from the body
opposite of adduction
23
Q
extension
A
extending of a limb
opposite of flexion
24
Q
adduction
A
movement toward the body
opposite of abduction
25
rotation
circular movement around an axis
26
pronation
turning the hand to a palm down position
| opposite of supination
27
supination
turning the hand to a palm up position
| opposite of pronation
28
dorsiflexion
bending the foot or toes upward
| opposite of plantar flexion
29
plantar flexion
bending of the foot or toes downward
| opposite of dorsiflexion
30
eversion
moving the sole of the foot outward
| opposite of inversion
31
inversion
moving the sole of the foot inward
| opposite of eversion
32
scler/o
hardening; sclera (white of eye)
33
axial skeleton
consists of head, chest, spine
34
appendicular skeleton
consists of shoulders, arms, hips, and legs
35
carp/o
carpus (wrist bones)
36
cervic/o
neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
37
crani/o
cranium (skull)
38
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
39
metacarp/o
metacarpus (hand bones)
40
phalang/o
phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)
41
spondyl/o
vertebra (backbone)
used to form words about the condition of the structure
42
vertebr/o
vertebra (backbone)
used to form words that describe the structure
43
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
44
calcane/o
calcaneum (heel bone)
45
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
46
fibul/o
fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)
47
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
48
pelv/i
| pelv/o
pelvis
49
radi/o
radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone, thumb side)
50
tibi/o
tibia (larger bone of lower leg)
51
ankyl/o
stiffness; bent, crooked
52
arthr/o
joint
53
lamin/o
lamina (part of vertebral arch)
54
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
55
orth/o
straight
56
oste/o
bone
57
- clasia
| - clast
to break
58
-cyte
cell
59
-desis
binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)
| fusion
60
-malacia
softening
61
-physis
growth
62
-porosis
porous
63
muscular dystrophy
group of hereditary diseases characterized by gradual atrophy and weakness of muscle tissue
64
myasthenia gravis (MG)
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by severe muscular weakness and progressive fatigue
65
rotator cuff injuries
injuries to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; also called musculotendinous rotator cuff injuries
66
sprain
trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability
67
strain
trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch
68
talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity of the foot; also called clubfoot
69
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; also called tendonitis
70
torticollis
spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; also called wryneck
71
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)
72
contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
73
crepitation
grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
74
Ewing sarcoma
malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis
75
gout
hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints
76
herniated disk
herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae; also called prolapsed disk
77
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures
78
Paget disease
skeletal disease affecting elderly people that causes chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening bones and bowing of long bones; also called osteitis deformans
79
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic, systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, eventually resulting in crippling deformities
80
subluxation
partial or complete dislocation
81
sequestrum
fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
82
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae; also called rheumatoid spondylitis
83
kyphosis
increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; also called a hunchback
84
lordosis
forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture
85
scoliosis
abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right
86
spondylolisthesis
partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; also called spinal cord compression
87
-listhesis
slipping
88
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint space with a needle to remove fluid
89
rheumatoid factor
blood test to detect the presence of rheumatoid factor, a substance present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
90
arthroplasty
surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity
91
sequestrectomy
excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)
92
roentgen/o
refers to Wilhelm Roentgen, who discovered x-rays. radiology was previously called roentgenology.
