Ch 9 - Endocrine and Nervous Systems Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
2
Q
adren/o
adrenal/o
A
adrenal glands
3
Q
calc/o
A
calcium
4
Q
gluc/o
glyc/o
A
sugar, sweetness
5
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
6
Q
parathyroid/o
A
parathyroid glands
7
Q
pituitar/o
A
pituitary gland
8
Q
thym/o
A
thymus gland
9
Q
thyr/o
thyroid/o
A
thyroid gland
10
Q
toxic/o
A
poison
11
Q
-dipsia
A
thirst
12
Q
-trophy
A
development, nourishment
13
Q
-genesis
A
forming, producing, origin
14
Q
acr/o
A
extremity
15
Q
poly-
A
many, much
16
Q
-osis
A
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
17
Q
-emia
A
blood condition
18
Q
anter/o
A
anterior, front
19
Q
poster/o
A
posterior, back
20
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum
21
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
22
Q
gli/o
A
glue; neuroglial tissue
23
Q
mening/o
meningi/o
A
meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord)
24
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow; spinal cord
25
neur/o
nerve
26
-paresis
partial paralysis
27
-phasia
speech
28
-plegia
paralysis
29
dors/o
back (of body)
30
ventr/o
belly, belly side
31
Addison disease
relatively uncommon chronic disorder caused by deficiency of cortical hormones that results when the adrenal cortex is damaged or atrophied
32
Cushing syndrome
cluster of symptoms caused by excessive amounts of cortisol or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) circulating in the blood
33
diabetes mellitus (DM)
chronic metabolic disorder of impaired carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism due to insufficient production of insulin or the body's inability to utilize insulin properly
34
type 1 diabetes
form of diabetes mellitus that is abrupt in onset and is due to the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin, making this type of disease difficult to regulate
35
type 2 diabetes
form of diabetes mellitus that is gradual in onset and results from the body's deficiency in producing enough insulin or resistance to the action of insulin by the body's cells
36
exophthalmos
abnormal protrusion of the eyeball(s), possibly due to thyrotoxicosis, tumor of the orbit, orbital cellulitis, leukemia, or aneurysm
37
Graves disease
multi-system autoimmune disorder that involves growth of the thyroid (hyperthyroidism) associated with hypersecretion of thyroxine; also called exophthalmic goiter, thryrotoxicosis, or toxic goiter
38
insulinoma
tumor of the islets of Lagerhans; also called a pancreatic tumor
39
myxedema
advanced hypothyroidism in adults that results from hypofunction of the thyroid gland and affects body fluids, causing edema and increasing blood volume and increasing blood pressure
40
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight.
morbid obesity: BMI of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 lbs or more over ideal body weight
41
panhypopituitarism
total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity
42
pheochromocytoma
small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla
43
pituitarism
any disorder of the pituitary gland and its function
44
Alzheimer disease
chronic, organic mental disorder that is a progressive form of presenile dementia caused by atrophy of the frontal and occipital lobes of the brain
45
epilepsy
disorder affecting the central nervous system that is characterized by recurrent seizures
46
Huntington chorea
hereditary nervous disorder caused by the progressive loss of brain cells, leading to bizarre, involuntary, dancelike movements
47
hydrocephalus
cranial enlargement caused by accumulation of fluid within the ventricles of the brain
48
multiple sclerosis
progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, hardening, and loss of myelin throughout the spinal cord and brain, which produces weakness and other muscle symptoms
49
neuroblastoma
malignant tumor composed principally of cells resembling neuroblasts
50
palsy
partial or complete loss of motor function; also called paralysis
51
Bell palsy
facial paralysis on one side of the face because of inflammation of a facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), most likely caused by a viral infection
52
cerebral palsy
bilateral, symmetrical, nonprogressive motor dysfunction and partial paralysis , which is usually caused by damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth trauma but can also be hereditary
53
paralysis
loss of muscle function, loss of sensation, or both
54
Parkinson disease
progressive, degenerative neurological disorder affecting the portion of the brain responsible for controlling movement
55
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
56
sciatica
severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve, which travels from the hip to the foot
57
seizure
convulsion or other clinically detectable event caused by a sudden discharge of electrical activity in the brain that may be classified as partial or generalized
58
shingles
eruption of acute, inflammatory, herpetic vesicles caused by herpes zoster virus on the trunk of the body along a peripheral nerve
59
spina bifida
congenital neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal canal through which the spinal cord and meninges may or may not protrude
spina bifida occulta: most common and least severe form of spina bifida without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges
spina bifida cystica: more severe type of spina bifida that involves protrusion of the meninges (meningocele), spinal cord (myelocele), or both (meningomyelocele)
60
spinal cord injuries
severe injuries to the spinal cord, such as vertebral fractures and dislocations, resulting in impairment of spinal cord function below the level of the injury
61
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower portion of the body and both legs
62
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities and, usually, the trunk
63
transient ischemic attack
temporary interference with blood supply to the brain, lasting a few minutes to a few hours
64
radioactive iodine update (RAIU) test
imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after oral or IV administration of radioactive iodine
65
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
lab test in which CSF obtained from a lumbar puncture is evaluated macroscopically for clarity, color, and microscopically for cells, and chemically for proteins and other substances
66
lumbar puncture
insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column at the level of the fourth intervertebral space to withdraw CSF in order to perform various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures -- spinal tap or spinal puncture
67
adrenalectomy
surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands to remove a benign or cancerous tumor, aid in correcting a hormone imbalance, prevent metastasis or, occasionally, prevent adrenal gland hormone excretion from exacerbating an existing condition such as breast cancer
68
thyroidectomy
excision of one lobe (subtotal thyroidectomy) or the entire thyroid gland (thyroid lobectomy)
69
craniotomy
surgical procedure that creates an opening in the skull to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures
70
thalamotomy
partial destruction of the thalamus to treat psychosis or intractable pain
71
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
oral administration or injection of synthetic hormones to correct a deficiency in such hormones as of estrogen, testosterone, or thyroid hormone
71
Adenohypophysis
Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Glandular in nature
72
Neurohypophysis
Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Nervous tissue
