Ch. 11 - Epidemiology and Public Health

Question 1

DF Epidemiology

Answer 1

The study of disease frequency, distribution, determinants, prevention, control, and eradication

Question 2

Communicable disease

Answer 2

infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another

Question 3

Contagious disease

Answer 3

communicable disease that is EASILY transmitted

Question 4

Zoonotic disease

Answer 4

Diseases humans acquire from animal sources

Question 5

Incidence

Answer 5

of new cases of a disease in a defined population during a specific time period

Question 6

Morbidity rate

Answer 6

frequency or proportion in which a disease appears in a population during a specific time

Question 7

Period Prevalence

Answer 7

cases of a disease existing in a population during a specific time period

Question 8

Point prevalence

Answer 8

of cases of a disease existing in a population at a particular moment in time

Question 9

Mortality rate

Answer 9

ratio of people who die of a particular disease during a specified time, per a specified population

Question 10

Sporadic disease

Answer 10

Occurs only occasionally within the population of a particular geographic area

Question 11

Endemic disease

Answer 11

Always present within the population of a particular geographic area

Question 12

Epidemic

Answer 12

Greater than usually number of case of a disease in a particular region within a short period of time

Question 13

Pandemic

Answer 13

Disease occurring in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously

Question 14

Whether an infectious disease occurs depends on factors pertaining to the… (3)

Answer 14

pathogen - virulence, mode of entry, # orgnaisms

host - health status, lifestyle, age, travel

environment - physical factors, reservoirs, sanitary

Question 15

6 components in the infectious disease process

Answer 15

1) Pathogen
2) Pathogen reservoir
3) Portal of exit
4) Mode of transmission
5) Portal of entry
6) Susceptible host

Question 16

Passive carriers of disease

Answer 16

Asymptomatic, but can still pass on the disease

Question 17

Incubatory carriers of disease

Answer 17

Not YET symptomatic, pathogen is still replicating

Question 18

Convalescent carriers of disease

Answer 18

Recovering, but still able to transmit disease

Question 19

Active carriers of disease

Answer 19

Fully recovered but have pathogen indefinitely

Question 20

Arthropods

Answer 20

bugs/flees that can carry disease and act as vectors to transmit them to humans

Question 21

Fomites

Answer 21

Inanimate objects capable of transmitting pathogens

-provide no nourishment, just a place to replicate

Question 22

Direct modes of disease transmission

Answer 22

skin to skin contact

mucous membrane contact

Question 23

Indirect modes of disease transmission (4)

Answer 23

air born droplets
arthropod vectors
transfusion of blood products
parental injections using non sterile needles

Question 24

WHO

Answer 24

promote cooperation for health among nations
carry out programs to control and eradicate disease
improve quality of human life
Work primarily with united nations
Make recommendations

Question 25

CDC

Answer 25

Create expertise, information and tools that people and communities need to protect their health. Big on infection control! Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports Federal program of the USA Focus on health issues that affect Americans at home and abroad Can implement rules

Question 26

Measures for prevention and control of epidemics (4)

Answer 26

1) Increase host resistance (vaccines) 2) Ensure people exposed have proper PPE 3) Segregate, isolate, and treat those infected 4) Identify and control reservoirs and vectors

Question 27

Biological warfare agents

Answer 27

Microbes purposefully used to harm others in wartime

Question 28

Bioterrorism agents

Answer 28

Pathogens used to create fear, chaos, illness, and death in situations other than war

Question 29

Modes of Anthranx transmission (bioterrorism agents)

Answer 29

pulmonary - inhalation gastrointestinal - ingestion cutaneous - contact

Question 30

Pathophysiology of the Plague

Answer 30

``` Rodent infects flee flea bites human => bubonic plague bacterial growth in lungs => plague meningitis Inhaled by other humans => pneumonic plague Rapid person to person spread ``` symptoms -gangrene in feet and hands

Question 31

___ is the most essential resource necessary for the survival of humanity

Answer 31

water

Question 32

2 types of water polution

Answer 32

chemical | biological

Question 33

Water treatment

Answer 33

Sedimentation - let is sit and anything heavy/dense will separate out Coagulation - bind things together Filtration Chlorination

Question 34

How do we test for fecal mater in water?

Answer 34

Check for presence of chloroform bacteria | ex: E. coli& enterobacteria

Question 35

Raw sewage

Answer 35

water, fecal matter, bacteria