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Microbiology1 > Ch 11: Prokaryotes: Domains, Bacteria, and Archaea > Flashcards

Ch 11: Prokaryotes: Domains, Bacteria, and Archaea Flashcards

1
Q

What phylum contains mostly chemoheterotrophic bacteria and is the largest taxonomic group of bacteria? Gram-positive or Gram-negative?

A
  • Proteobacteria
  • Gram-negative
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2
Q

What are the subclasses of proteobacteria?

A
  • Alpha-
  • Beta-
  • Gamma-
  • Delta-
  • Epsilon-
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3
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Alphaproteobacteria
  • One of the most abundant microbes on Earth (accounts for 25% of ocean bacteria)
  • Only one species (ubique) of this genus
  • 0.3 μm diameter
  • Simplest autonomously replicating cells (1,354 genes)
A

Pelagibacter (pel-aj’ē-bak-ter)

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4
Q

True or false. Pelagibacter contains no duplicate gene copies, viral genes, introns, or junk DNA.

A

True

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5
Q

How does Pelagibacter get its energy?

A
  • Respiring organic carbon
  • Using a light-driven proton pump (not photosynthesis)
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6
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Alphaproteobacteria
  • Found in low-nutrient aquatic environments (i.e. lakes)
  • Produce prominent prostheca and has a dimorphic cycle
  • Replicate by budding at hyphal tips
A

Hyphomicrobium

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7
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Alphaproteobacteria
  • Found in low-nutrient aquatic environments (i.e. lakes)
  • Produce prominent prostheca and has a dimorphic cycle
  • Produce stalks for anchoring to surfaces and increasing SA/Vol ratios
  • Replicate by binary fission
A

Caulobacter

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8
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Alphaproteobacteria
  • Nitrogen-fixing
  • Enter the roots of leguminous plants and form nodules
  • Endosymbiotic and cannot fix nitrogen independently from host plant
A

Rhizobium

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9
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Alphaproteobacteria
  • Nitrogen-fixing
  • Free-living on plant root surfaces commonly found on tropical grasses and sugarcane
  • Uses nutrients excreted by plants and fixes nitrogen in return
A

Azospirillum

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10
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Alphaproteobacteria
  • Plant pathogen; invade plant cells but do not induce nodules or fix nitrogen
  • Species tumefaciens induces crown gall disease in plants
A

Agrobacterium

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11
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Betaproteobacteria
  • Nitrogen-fixing: NH4+ → NO2-
  • Chemoautotroph (oxidize nitrogen for energy and fix CO2)
A

Nitrosomonas

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12
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Alphaproteobacteria
  • Part of the nitrogen cycle: NO2- → NO3-
  • Chemoautogrph (oxidize nitrogen for energy and fix CO2)
A

Nitrobacter

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13
Q

What is a facultative intracellular parasite?

A

Microbe that can reproduce outside or inside of the cells

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14
Q

Identify the species

  • Phylum: Alphaproteobacteria
  • Facultative intracellular parasite
  • 40% of cats carry it in their mouths or under their claws; acquired from infected fleas
  • Bacillus inhabits cat’s RBCs
  • Primary mode of transmission to humans is infected flea feces
  • “Cat-scratch fever”
A

Bartonella henselae

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15
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Alphaproteobacteria
  • Facultative intracellular parasite
  • Different species infect cattle, swine, goats, sheep, dogs, and humans
  • Spreads to humans by contact with animals or ingestion of undercooked meat or unpasteurized dairy products
  • Can survive in phagosomes of macrophages by blocking lysosomal fusion
  • Causes Brucellosis
A

Brucella

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16
Q

What is an obligate intracellular parasite?

A

Microbe that requires a host to reproduce

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17
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: alphaproteobacteria
  • Obligate intracellular parasite
  • Pleomorphic (rods or coccobacilli)
  • Transmitted to humans by insect or tick bites
  • Prefers to infect endothelial cells lining blood vessels
  • Cause several diseases known as the spotted fever group
A

Rickettsia

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18
Q

What species of Rickettsia causes epidemic typhus? How is it transmitted?

A
  • R. prowazekii
  • Transmitted through lice
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19
Q

What species of Rickettsia causes endemic murine typhus? How is it transmitted?

A
  • R. typhi
  • Transmitted through rat fleas
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20
Q

What species of Rickettsia causes rocky mountain spotted fever? How is it transmitted?

A
  • R. rickettsii
  • Transmitted through ticks
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21
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Alphaproteobacteria
  • Obligate intracellular parasites
  • Rickettsia-like bacteria
  • Transmitted by ticks to humans and cause ehrlichiosis
  • Survive phagosomes after phagocytosis in macrophages
A

Ehrlichia

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22
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Alphaproteobacteria
  • Endosymbiont; lives in cells of insects and other invertebrates
  • Not a human pathogen, but the most common infectious bacterial genus on Earth (infects over 1 million species)
  • 20-75% of all insects are infected
  • Complex interactions with hose; interfere with reproduction and egg development
A

Wolbachia

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23
Q

True or false. All betaproteobacteria are anaerobic

A

False. They are all aerobic

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24
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Betaproteobacteria
  • Relatively large cell bodies that twist like a spiral
  • Habitat: freshwater (with one species exception)
  • Motile due to bipolar tufts of flagella
A

Spirillum

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25
Q

____ is the largest species of Spirillum at 60 microns in length

A

Spirillum volutans

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26
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Betaproteobacteria
  • Acidi-, Halo-, and Thermi- subtypes
  • Oxidize reduced sulfur for energy and fix CO2 (participate in sulfur cycle)
A

Thiobacillus

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27
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Betaproteobacteria
  • Rod-shaped with single polar flagella or tuft of flagella
  • Found in soil
A

Burkholderia

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28
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Betaproteobacteria
  • First discovered as the cause of onion skin rot and then as a human pathogen
  • Opportunistic pathogen that metabolizes respiratory secretions in cystic fibrosis patients
  • Can grow in disinfectant
A

Burkholderia cepacia

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29
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Betaproteobacteria
  • Cause of melioidosis, which is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia
A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

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30
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Betproteobacteria
  • Pathogenic
  • Nonmotile rods/coccobacilli
  • Adhere to cilia of bronchial epithelium
  • Causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough)
A

Bordetella pertussis

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31
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Betaproteobacteria
  • Diplococci
  • Use fimbriae to attach to mucous membranes in mammals
  • Species meningitidis causes meningococcal meningitis
  • Species gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea
A

Neisseria

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32
Q

What is the largest subphylum of Proteobacteria?

A

Gammaproteobacteria

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33
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Thiotrichales
  • Oxidizes H2S and causes elemental sulfur to accumulate
  • Largest known bacterium (100 - 300 micron diameter)
  • Found in seafloor sediments of coastal waters off Namibia
A

Thiomargarita namibiensis

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34
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Pseudomonadales
  • Aerobic rods with polar flagella (single or tufts); common in soil
  • Opportunistic pathogen of urinary tract, burns, and wounds
  • Responsible for food spoilage (grow at refrigeration temps)
A

Pseudomonas

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35
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Pseduomondales
  • Aerobic nonmotile rods found in soil and water
  • Opportunistic pathogen found in hospital settings; primary respiratory but can infect skin, etc.
  • Rapidly becomes resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants
  • Survive on surfaces for weeks
A

Acinetobacter baumanii

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36
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Pseduomondales
  • Aerobic coccobacilli
  • One of several organisms that can cause conjunctivitis
A

Moraxella lacunate

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37
Q

Identify the organism (2)

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Psudomondales
  • Large ovoid heavily capsulated bacteria
  • Free living in soil that fix nitrogen
A

Azotobacter and Azomonas

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38
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Legionellales
  • Found in streams , warm-water pipes, HVAC cooling towers
  • Facultative intracellular parasites
  • Humans are accidental hosts by inhalation of contaminated water droplets
A

Legionella

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39
Q

What organism is responsible for Legionnaires disease (pneumonia)?

A

Legionella pneumophilia

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40
Q

Identify the organism

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Legionellales
  • Highly infectious; transmitted to humans via inhalation of animal derived dusts, aerosols, or contaminated milk
  • Potential bioweapon
  • Causes flu-like pneumonia called Q fever
  • Highly resistant to environmental stresses
A

Coxiella burnetti

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41
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Vibrionales
  • Facultative anaerobic curved rods
  • Mostly found in aquatic environments
  • Responsible for causing cholera through infected water
A

Vibrio cholerae

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42
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Vibrionales
  • Facultative anaerobic curved rods
  • Mostly found in aquatic environments
  • Responsible for causing gastroenteritis from eating raw or uncooked shellfish
A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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43
Q

What is the only Family under the Order of Enterobacteriales?

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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44
Q

Identify the order:

  • Facultative anaerobic rods
  • Also called “enterics”
  • Ferment glucose and other sugars
  • Have peritrichous flagella (if motile)
  • Fimbriae to aid with adhesion
  • Sex pili for exchange of genetic material (especially antibiotic resistance)
A

Enterobacteriales

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45
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Enterobacteriales
  • Common inhabitant of human intestinal tract, but not most abundant (0.1% of gut flora)
  • A great deal is known about its biochemistry and genetics
  • Some strains produce Shiga toxin or enterotoxins that act on intestinal wall
  • Presence in food indicates fecal contamination
A

Escherichia coli

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46
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Enterobacteriales
  • 2 species identified: enterica and bongori
  • Can contaminate food under unsanitary conditions
A

Salmonella

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47
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Enterobacteriales
  • 4 known species; all responsible for shigellosis/bacillary dysentery (species dysenterie most extreme)
  • Only found in humans; no other natural reservoirs have been proven
A

Shigella

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48
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Enterobacteriales
  • Common in soil and water
  • Many can siolate and fix nitrogen
  • pneumoniae species can cause pneumonia
A

Klebsiella

49
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Enterobacteriales
  • Destinguished by production of red pigment
  • Opportunistic pathogen; cause many hospital acquired urinary, respiratory, and wound infections
A

Serratia marcescens

50
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Enterobacteriales
  • Opportunistic pathogen if they enter the urinary tract or wound
  • Multicellular behavior on agar (form concentric rings)
  • Motile on solid surfaces
A

Proteus

51
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Enterobacteriales
  • Causes plague (black death of medieval Europe)
  • Flea bits generally transmit bacteria from animals to humans as well as inhalation of respiratory droplets
A

Yersinia pestis

52
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Enterobacteriales
  • Their presence in the intestinal tracts of animals results in their wide distribution in soil, water, and sewage
  • Pathogenic species can both cause urinary and hospital acquired infections
A

Enterobacter

53
Q

What two species of Enterobacter are known to cause disease?

A
  1. E. cloacae
  2. E. aerogenes
54
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Pasteurellales
  • Primarily pathogens of domestic animals
  • multocida species can be transmitted to humans via dog and cat bites
  • Especially virulent present in Komodo dragon saliva
A

Pasteurella

55
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Pasteurellales
  • Pathogens that inhabit mucus membranes of the upper respiratory tract, mouth, vagina, and intestinal wall
  • named for its blood requirement in culture media
A

Haemophilus

56
Q

Identify the species:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Pasteurellales
  • Genus: Haemophilus
  • Mistakenly considered to be the cause of influenza
  • Actually causes: meningitis, earaches, bronchitis, pneumonia, or septic arthritis
A

H. influenzae

57
Q

Identify the species:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Pasteurellales
  • Genus: Haemophilus
  • Causes the STD chancroid
A

H. ducreyi

58
Q

Identify the species:

  • Phylum: Gammaproteobacteria
  • Order: Pasteurellales
  • Genus: Haemophilus
  • Causes the STD chancroid
A

H. ducreyi

59
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Deltaproteobacteria
  • Attach tightly to other gram-negative bacteria, penetrates the outer layer, and enters the periplasm
  • Breaks down host cell molecules to use elongate and form filaments
A

Bdellovibrio

60
Q

Members of the order _______ are sulfur reducing bacteria that play a key role in the sulfur cycle.

A

Desulfovibrionales

61
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Deltaproteobacteria
  • Order: Desulfovibrionales
  • Obligate anaerobes found in sediments and intestinal tracts of humans and animals
  • Black color of sediments is due to H2S reacting with iron to form insoluble FeS
A

Desulfovibrio

62
Q

Species of the order _____ are predatory upon other bacteria.

A

Deltaproteobacteria: Bdellovibrio

63
Q

Species of the order _____ are cooperative predatory upon other bacteria; moving by gliding

A

Deltaproteobacteria: Myxococcales

64
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Deltaproteobacteria
  • Order: Myxococcales
  • Vegetative cells move by gliding motility and leave slime trail obtaining nutrition from bacteria they encounter
  • Cooperative predation is accomplished by the secretion of antibiotics and lytic compounds to immobilize and degrade prey organism
A

Myxococcus

65
Q

Members of the phylum _____ are slender rods that are helical or curved. The two which are medically important are also Microaerophilic

A

Epsilonproteobacteria
Campylobacter

Helicobacter

66
Q

Identify the organism

  • Phylum: Epsilonproteobacteria
  • Microaerophilic
  • Moltile by single polar flagella
  • causes foodborne gastroenteritis
A

Campylobacter jejuni

67
Q

Identify the organism

  • Phylum: Epsilonproteobacteria
  • Microaerophilic
  • Moltile by single polar flagella
  • Causes spontaneous abortion in domestic animals
A

Campylobacter fetus

68
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Epsilonproteobacteria
  • Multiple flagella
  • Infect the lining of the stomach; most common cause of peptic ulcurs
  • Associated with the development of stomach cancers
A

Helicobacter pylori

69
Q

Identify the phylum:

  • Gram-negative
  • Oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria; use chlorophyll
  • NOT eukaryotic algae
  • Believed to have generated most of Earth’s atmospheric O2 millions of years ago
  • Unicellular divide by binary fission
  • Colonial have multiple visions
  • Filamentous divide by fragmentation
A

Cyanobacteria

70
Q

Is the phylum “Plantomycetes” Gram-Positive or Gram-Negative?

A

Gram- Negative

71
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Planctomycetes
  • Acquadic budding bacteria
  • Produce stalks like Caulobacter
A

Planctomyces

72
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Planctomycetes
  • Model organism for the origin of the eukaryotic nucleus
  • Double internal membrane around DNA like a nuclear membrane (nucleoid)
A

Gemmata obscuriglobus

73
Q

Identify the phylum:

  • Gram-negative
  • Remarkably diverse
  • Obligate intracellular parasites
  • Direct transmission: interpersonal contact or aerosols
  • Lab cultivation is difficult; requires lab animals, cell culture, or yolk of embryonated chicken eggs
A

Chlamydiae

74
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Chlamydiae
  • Different serovars are responsible for different diseases such as:
    • Trachoma (leading cause of blindness in developing countries)
    • Nongonococcal urethritis
    • Lymphogranuloma venerum
A

Chlamydia trachomatis

75
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Chlamydiae
  • Causes mild form of pneumonia
A

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

76
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Chlamydiae
  • Causes respiratory disease Psittacosis
A

Chlamydophila psittaci

77
Q

Identify the phylum:

  • Name is derived from their coiled morphology
  • Motile by rotating axial filaments
  • May inhabit the muna oral and vaginal cavities
A

Spirochaetes

78
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Spirochaetes
  • Causative agent of Lyme disease
  • Transmitted from ticks or lice to humans
A

Borrelia burgdorferi

79
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Spirochaetes
  • Causes Leptospirosis
  • Transmitted from animals to humans through contaminated water
A

Leptospira

80
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Spirochaetes
  • Causative agent of Syphillis
A

Treponema pallidum

81
Q

Is the phylum “Bacteroides” aerobic or anaerobic? Gram-Negative or Gram-Positive?

A
  • Anaerobic
  • Gram-Negative
82
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Bacteroides
  • Rod-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore forming
  • Common inhabitant of GI tract
  • Some species found in gingival crevices
  • Cause infection at surgical sites, puncture wounds, and perforated bowels
A

Bacteroides

83
Q

Identify the phylum:

  • Anaerobic
  • Gram-Negative
  • Often pleiomorphic, but may be spindle-shaped
A

Fusobacteria

84
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Fusobacteria
  • Primarily found in mouth and associated with dental diseases
  • Can be pathogenic to other parts of the body
A

Fusobacterium

85
Q

Members of the phylum _______ appear to stain Gram-positive due to a thick cell wall, however they have an outer membrane so they are closer in structure to Gram-negative

A

Deinococcus-Thermus

86
Q

Identify the organism

  • Phylum: Deinococcus-Thermus
  • More resistant to radiation than endospores (survive 1500x the lethal human dose)
  • Reistance is due to rapid repair of radiation damage, which also extends to chemical mutagens
A

Deinococcus radiodurans

87
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Deinococcus-Thermus
  • Was isolated from a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park
  • Source of Taq polymerase
A

Thermus aquaticus

88
Q

Gram positive bacteria can be divided based on:

A

G/C content of their genetic material

  • Phylum Firmicutes: Low G/C
  • Phylum Tenericutes: Low G/C
  • Phylum Actinobacteria: High G/C
89
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Clostridiales
  • common in soil
  • Often distended due to the presence of endospores
  • Obligate anaerobes
  • Rod-shaped
A

Clostridium

90
Q

Identify the species:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Clostridiales
  • Genus: Clostridium
  • Responsible for some GI tract infections
A

C. difficile

91
Q

Identify the species:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Clostridiales
  • Genus: Clostridium
  • Cause tetanus
A

C. tetani

92
Q

Identify the species:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Clostridiales
  • Genus: Clostridium
  • Cause food poisoning
A

C. botulinum

93
Q

Identify the species:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Clostridiales
  • Genus: Clostridium
  • Cause foodborne diarrhea
A

C. perfringens

94
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Clostridiales
  • Nutrionally symbiotic with gut of Red Sea sturgeon fish (Dory)
  • Can be seen with naked eye
  • Breaks the known rules of dize/diffusion limitations
  • Has tens of thousands of copies of its genome
  • Daughter cells burst cell wall of mother cell
A

Epulopiscium

95
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Bacillales
  • Endospore-forming rods
  • Obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes
  • Common in soil and form in chains in culture
  • Produce antibiotics
  • Only species are pathogenic to humans
A

Bacillus

96
Q

Identify the species:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Bacillales
  • Genus: Bacillus
  • Disease of cattle, sheep, and horses that can be transmitted to humans (linked with bioterrorism)
A

B. anthracis

97
Q

Identify the species:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Bacillales
  • Genus: Bacillus
  • Agriculturally important insect pathogen used as a pssticide
A

B. thuringiensis

98
Q

Identify the species:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Bacillales
  • Genus: Bacillus
  • Associated with food poisoning, typically through infection of starchy foods
A

B. cereus

99
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Bacillales
  • Cocci bacteria that arrange themselves in grape-like clusters
  • Considered part of our normal flora
  • Grow well in high osmotic pressure, low moisture conditions (nasal passages and skin)
A

Staphylococcus

100
Q

Identify the species:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Bacillales
  • Genus: Staphylococcus
  • Golden in color (may protect from antimicrobial effects of sunlight)
  • Produce many exotixins
  • Commonly infect surgical wounds
  • Quickly develop antibiotic resistance
A

S. aureus

101
Q

S. aureus infections differ by anatomical region

  1. Vaginal tract = ?
  2. GI tract = ?
  3. Respiratory tract = ?
A
  1. Toxic shock syndrome
  2. Food poisoning
  3. Sinus infections
102
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Lactobacillales
  • Produce lactic acid
  • Commercially important in pickle, yogurt, sauerkraut, and buttermilk production
  • Aerotolerant anaerobes
  • In humans it can be found in the oral cavity, vaginal, and GI tracts
A

Lactobacillus

103
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Lactobacillales
  • Cocci bacteria that typically grow in chains
  • Responsible for more illnesses and greater variety of diseases than any other genus
  • Express and secrete substances that aid in its pathogenicity
A

Streptococcus

104
Q

What type of Streptococci is the most virulent? Alpha, Beta, or Gamma? Why?

A
  • Beta
  • Express hemolysin that lyses RBCs
105
Q

What is the causative agent of Scarlet and Rheumatic Fever?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

106
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Lactobacillales
  • Part of our normal intestinal flora
  • Occasionally cause UTIs and sepsis
  • Adapted to nutrient rich, low oxygen body regions (GI, oral cavity, vagina)
  • Major cause of hospital-acquired infections
  • Persist on inanimate objects for long periods
  • High antibiotic resistance
A

Enterococcus

107
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Firmicutes
  • Order: Lactobacillales
  • Usual causative agent of food listerosis and spoilage
  • Most virulent foodborne pathogen (20-30% of clinical infections result in death)
  • Can survive phaocytosis
  • Pose risk for a developing fetus
A

Listeria monocytogenes

108
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Tenericutes
  • Order: Mycoplasmatales
  • Lack cell wall; pleomorphic
  • Produce filaments resembling those of fungi
  • Believed to be the smallest, self-replicating, free-living life forms (0.1 - 0.24 microns)
A

Mycoplasmas

109
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Actinobacteria
  • Common soil isolate
  • Reproduce via asecual spores (conidiospores)
  • Strick aerobes
  • Produce gaseous compound geosmin that gives soil its musty odor
  • Produce most of our commercial antibiotics
A

Streptomyces

110
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Actinobacteria
  • Exhibit filamentous growth
  • Acid-fast staining; not Gram-positive
  • Resistant to environmental stressors like drying
  • Causative agent for tuberculosis
A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

111
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Actinobacteria
  • Gram-negative
  • Exhibit filamentous growth
  • Acid-fast staining
  • Resistant to environmental stressors like drying
  • Causative agent for leprosy
A

Mycobacterium leprae

112
Q

Identify the genus

  • Phylum: Actinobacteria
  • Facultative anaerobes
  • Branched filaments that replicate by fragmentation
  • Common in soil and animal microbiota (mouth and throat of humans)
A

Actinomyces

113
Q

What organism is the causative agent of actinomycosis? Symptoms?

A
  • Actinomyces israelii
  • Destroys tissue of the head, neck, and lungs
114
Q

Identify the genus:

  • Phylum: Actinobacteria
  • Morphogically similar to Actinomyces
  • Aerobic
  • Acid-fast
A

Nocardia

115
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Actinobacteria
  • Pleomorphic; morphology changes with age
  • Causative agent of diphteria
A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

116
Q

Identify the organism:

  • Phylum: Actinobacteria
  • Named for its ability to form propionic acid
  • Commonly found on human skin and are the primary cause of acne
A

Propionibacterium acnes

117
Q

Names the bacteria that causes Epidemic Typhus and its transmitted

A

Rickettsia Prowazkii: Lice

118
Q

bacteria that causes Endemic Murine Typhus

A

Rickettsia Typhi ; Rat fleeces

119
Q

bacteria that causes Rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Rickettsia Rickettsii: Ticks

Microbiology1 (20 decks)

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