ch. 12 Flashcards
the respiratory systems job is to
ensure the efficient delivery of o2 and removal of Co2 for all cells in an organism
what is ventilation
the simple movement of air into and out of the lungs
what is respiration
the exchange of gases (either in lungs, blood, tissue)
what is the conduction zone?
the parts of the respiratory system that ONLY participate in ventilation
what is respiratory zone?
the parts that participate in actual gas exchange
how does the respiratory system regulate ph?
by converting CO2 to carbonic acid since CO2 release causes ph to go up (alkalimia)
hyperventilation causes what
loss of CO2 causing pH to increase, this is called respiratory alkalosis
hypoventilation causes what
not enough co2 leaving causing pH to decrease, this is called respiratory acidosis
how does the respiratory system regulate temperature?
breathing can result in heat loss and this occurs through evaporative h20 loss like sweating.
how does the respiratory system protect us from disease and small matter
the lungs provide moist area where pathogens like to be and traps them there to be eaten by respiratory macrophages
what are the organs that are a part of the conduction zone?
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and respiratory bronchioles
what is the function of bronchi? bronchioles? respiratory bronchioles?
bronchi supplies air to each lung. the bronchi branches out to the bronchioles that are very small bronchi and that branches out to respiratory bronchioles which are smallest and final in conduction zone.
what is the actual structure across which gasses diffuse is called? what passes across the outer surface of this structure?
the structure is alveolus and capillaries passes the outer surface for gas exchange
the alveolar duct branches into what
respiratory bronchiole
the respiratory system is lined with what cells? what is their shape? which cells create mucus here?
the respiratory system is lined with columnar cells. the goblet cells make mucus.
gas exchanging areas are lined with what cells? what immune system cell are located in these areas?
they are lined with thin squamous (flat) epithelial cells. there are alveolar macrophage protect this area since mucus can affect gas exchange
what causes surface tension?
tendency of water molecules to clump together and causes hydrophilic surfaces to stick together when air is present
how does alveoli prevent surface tension? what happens if surface tension gets high in alveoli?
there is a soapy substance called a surfactant that reduces surface tension. without this, the alveoli can collapse
what is pulmonary ventilation?
the circulation of air into and out of the lungs to continuously replace gases in the alveoli with air from atmosphere.
movement of air into the lungs is called what? movement of air out of the lung?
into the lungs: inspiration
out of the lungs: expiration
what causes inspiration? what kind of process is this? and expiration? how can expiration be active?
inspiration is an active process caused by the contraction of the diaphragm. expiration is a passive process and caused by the relaxation of the muscles. forced expiration causes abdominal muscles to move diaphragm.
lungs are surrounded by what 2 membranes? what is the name of membrane here?
the membrane is called pleura and it is made of parietal pleura and visceral pleura.
what is the area in between the two pleura in the lungs? where are these pleura found?
the space in between is called pleural space. parietal pleura is found on chest cavity and visceral is found on surface of lungs
what is the pressure in the pleural space? what would happen if there was a hole in this space?
it is (-) causing a vacuum. a hole would air air to come in and collapse the lung.
