Ch. 13: Blood System

Question 1

anemia

Answer 1

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Question 2

aplastic anemia

Answer 2

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

Question 3

hemolytic anemia

Answer 3

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Question 4

sickle cell anemia

Answer 4

hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis

Question 5

thalassemia

Answer 5

inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia

Question 6

pernicious anemia

Answer 6

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

Question 7

hemochromatosis

Answer 7

excess iron deposits throughout the body

Question 8

polycythemia vera

Answer 8

general increase in red blood cells (erythremia)

Question 9

hemophilia

Answer 9

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII or IX necessary for blood clotting

Question 10

purpura

Answer 10

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Question 11

leukemia

Answer 11

increase in malignant white blood cells

Question 12

granulocytosis

Answer 12

abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

Question 13

mononucleosis

Answer 13

infectious, viral disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Question 14

multiple myeloma

Answer 14

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

Question 15

antiglobulin (Coombs test)

Answer 15

test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes

Question 16

complete blood count (CBC)

Answer 16

determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and erd cell values - MCH, MCV, MCHC

Question 17

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Answer 17

speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

Question 18

hematocrit

Answer 18

percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

Question 19

hemoglobin test (H, Hg, Hgb, HGB)

Answer 19

total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

Question 20

platelet count

Answer 20

number of platelets per cubic millimeter (mm³) or microliter (μL) of blood

Question 21

prothrombin time (PT)

Answer 21

test of the ability of blood to clot

Question 22

red blood cell count (RBC)

Answer 22

number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter (mm³) or microliter (μL) of blood

Question 23

red blood cell morphology

Answer 23

microscopic examination of stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

Question 24

white blood cell count (WBC)

Answer 24

number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter (mm³) or microliter (μL) of blood

Question 25

white blood cell differential [count]

Answer 25

percentage of different types of leukocytes in the blood

Question 26

apheresis

Answer 26

separation of blood into component parts and removal of the select portion from the blood

Question 27

blood transfusion

Answer 27

whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient

Question 28

bone marrow biopsy

Answer 28

microscopic examination of a corer of bone marrow removed with a needle

Question 29

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Answer 29

peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient