Ch. 15: Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Ewing sarcoma

Answer 1

rare malignant tumor arising in the bone;

most often occuring in children

Question 2

exostosis

Answer 2

bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone

Question 3

fracture

Answer 3

traumatic breaking of a bone

Question 4

osteogenic sarcoma
(osteosarcoma)

Answer 4

malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents

Question 5

osteomalacia

Answer 5

softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of minerals (calcium) in the bone

Question 6

osteomyelitis

Answer 6

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

Question 7

osteoporosis

Answer 7

decrease in bone density (mass);
thinning and weakening of bone

Question 8

talipes

Answer 8

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus)

Question 9

arthritis

Answer 9

inflammation of any joint

Question 10

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 10

chronic, progessive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

Question 11

gouty arthritis (gout)

Answer 11

inflammation and painful swelling in and around joints caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals

Question 12

osteoarthritis (OA)

Answer 12

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces

Question 13

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 13

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain;
caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane.

Question 14

bunion

Answer 14

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

Question 15

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Answer 15

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament, and bones and tendons of the wrist.

Question 16

dislocation

Answer 16

displacement of a bone from its joint

Question 17

ganglion cyst

Answer 17

fluid filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons

Question 18

herniation of an intervertebral disc

Answer 18

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disc into the spinal canal orr spinal nerves

Question 19

Lyme disease
(Lyme arthritis)

Answer 19

chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia and malaise;

cause is a bacterium carried by a tick

Question 20

sprain

Answer 20

injury, often the result of trauma, involving overstretchinig of the ligaments around a joint

Question 21

systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 21

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, central nervous system (CNS). heart, and lungs

Question 22

muscular dystrophy

Answer 22

group of inherited disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

Question 23

polymyositis

Answer 23

chronic inflammatory myopathy

Question 24

antinuclear antibody test (ANA)

Answer 24

detects an antibody often present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematsus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases

Question 25

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Answer 25

measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube

Question 26

rheumatoid factor test (RF)

Answer 26

serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Question 27

serum calcium (Ca)

Answer 27

measurement of calcium level in serum

Question 28

serum creatine kinase (CK)

Answer 28

measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum

Question 29

uric acid test

Answer 29

measurement of uric acid in serum

Question 30

arthrocentesis

Answer 30

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

Question 31

arthrography

Answer 31

taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint

Question 32

arthroplasty

Answer 32

surgical repair or replacement of a joint

Question 33

arthroscopy

Answer 33

visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor

Question 34

bone density test (bone densitometry)

Answer 34

low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass

Question 35

bone scan

Answer 35

uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone

Question 36

computed tomography (CT)

Answer 36

x-ray beam and computer show cross-sectional and other images of the body tissues

Question 37

discography

Answer 37

x-ray examination of cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disc)

Question 38

electromyography (EMG)

Answer 38

recording the electrical activity of muscle tissue

Question 39

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 39

strong magnetic field and advanced computing technology are used to create high-resolution images of soft tissues inside the body

Question 40

muscle biopsy

Answer 40

removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination to assess for abnormalities or disease