Ch. 12: Respiratory System

Question 1

auscultation

Answer 1

listening to sounds within the body

Performed with a stethoscope

Question 2

percussion

Answer 2

tapping on the surface to determine the difference in thee density of the underlying structure.

Question 3

pleural rub

Answer 3

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

Heard on auscultation and can be felt by placing fingers on the chest wall.

Question 4

rales (crackles)

Answer 4

fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli

Question 5

rhonchi/rhonchus

Answer 5

loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

resembles snoring

Question 6

sputum

Answer 6

material expelled from bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

Question 7

stridor

Answer 7

strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

Question 8

wheezes

Answer 8

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

Question 9

croup

Answer 9

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor

Question 10

diphtheria

Answer 10

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

Question 11

epistaxis

Answer 11

nosebleed

Question 12

pertussis

Answer 12

whooping cough;
highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx and trachea

Question 13

asthma

Answer 13

chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edem and contriction

Question 14

bronchiectasis

Answer 14

Chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection

Question 15

chronic bronchitis

Answer 15

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time;
type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 16

cystic fibrosis (CF)

Answer 16

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

Question 17

atelectasis

Answer 17

collapsed lung;

incomplete expansion of the alveoli

Question 18

emphysema

Answer 18

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Question 19

lung cancer

Answer 19

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

Question 20

pneumoconiosis

Answer 20

abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts;
with chronic inflammation, infection and bronchitis

Question 21

pneumonia

Answer 21

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fills with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

Question 22

pulmonary abscess

Answer 22

large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs

Question 23

pulmonary edema

Answer 23

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Question 24

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 24

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

Question 25

pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 25

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

Question 26

sarcoidosis

Answer 26

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

Question 27

tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 27

infection disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs are usually involved but any organ in the body may be affected

Question 28

mesothelioma

Answer 28

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

Question 29

pleura effusion

Answer 29

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)

Question 30

pleurisy (pleuritis)

Answer 30

inflammation of pleura

Question 31

pneumothorax

Answer 31

collection of air in the pleural space

Question 32

chest x-ray (CXR)

Answer 32

radiographic image of the thoracic cavity

Question 33

computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest

Answer 33

computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes.

Question 34

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest

Answer 34

magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral(sagittal), and cross-sectional (axial) planes.

Question 35

positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung

Answer 35

radioactive glucose injected, and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs

Question 36

ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan

Answer 36

detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas

Question 37

bronchoscopy

Answer 37

fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

Question 38

endotracheal intubation

Answer 38

placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

Question 39

laryngoscopy

Answer 39

visual examination of the voice box

Question 40

lung biospy

Answer 40

removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

Question 41

mediastinoscopy

Answer 41

endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

Question 42

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Answer 42

tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs; lung volume, and capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

Question 43

thoracentesis

Answer 43

needle is inserted into pleural space to remove excess fluid

Question 44

thoracotomy

Answer 44

large surgical incision of the chest

Question 45

thoracoscopy (thorascopy)

Answer 45

visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope

Question 46

tracheostomy

Answer 46

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

Question 47

tuberculin test

Answer 47

determines past or present tuberculous exposure based on a positive skin reaction

Question 48

tube thoracostomy

Answer 48

flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest