Ch 13. Central Nervous System

Question 1

The spinal cord functions as a:

Answer 1

reflex center, conduction pathway

Question 2

Into what space is anesthesia injected to numb the spinal cord?

Answer 2

epidural space

Question 3

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 3

just below the ribcage

Question 4

Where along the vertebral column would a lumbar puncture be done?

Answer 4

between L3 and L4

Question 5

Why would a lumbar puncture be done at this location and not higher up?

Answer 5

to avoid hitting the spinal cord, which ends at about the top of L2

Question 6

The tapered inferior end of the spinal cord is called the:

Answer 6

conus medullaris

Question 7

The group of spinal nerves that extends below the end of the spinal cord and looks like a horse’s tail is the:

Answer 7

cauda equina

Question 8

The long thin extension of the pia mater that attaches to the coccyx and anchors the spinal cord in place is the:

Answer 8

filum terminale

Question 9

What is the significance of the cervical and lumbar enlargements?

Answer 9

These are sites where nerves to the upper and lower limbs emerge

Question 10

In the spinal cord gray matter is located:

Answer 10

towards the inside

Question 11

In the brain gray matter is located:

Answer 11

towards the outer surface

Question 12

Which of these is most medial?

Answer 12

gray commissure

Question 13

In the spinal cord myelinated fibers would be found in the:

Answer 13

columns

Question 14

The gray matter of the spinal cord consists of:

Answer 14

interneurons and motor neuron cell bodies

Question 15

The ascending fibers of the spinal cord white matter primarily carry:

Answer 15

sensory information going to the brain

Question 16

The descending fibers of the spinal cord white matter primarily carry:

Answer 16

motor instructions going to the muscles and glands

Question 17

Most sensory and motor pathways decussate (cross from one side to the other) at some point so that information about the right side of the body goes to or comes from the left side of the brain and vice versa.

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

Structures of the Cerebrum

Answer 18

Insula, Five lobes, Basal ganglia

Question 19

Structures of the Brain Stem

Answer 19

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

Question 20

Structures of the Cerebellum

Answer 20

Vermis, Arbor vitae

Question 21

Structures of the Diencephalon

Answer 21

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pineal body

Question 22

Ventricles are spaces in the brain filled with

Answer 22

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 23

Which structure connects the lateral and third ventricle?

Answer 23

interventricular foramen

Question 24

Which structure connects the third and fourth ventricle?

Answer 24

cerebral aqueduct

Question 25

Lateral ventricles occupy in the

Answer 25

cerebrum

Question 26

Third ventricle occupy in the

Answer 26

diencephalon

Question 27

Fourth ventricle occupy in the

Answer 27

brainstem

Question 28

Which of these is NOT part of the brainstem?

Answer 28

cerebellum

Question 29

Which of these is NOT in the midbrain?

Answer 29

interventricular foramen

Question 30

The bulge on the underside of the brain made up of tracts of white fibers is the:

Answer 30

pons

Question 31

The most superior part of the brainstem is the:

Answer 31

midbrain

Question 32

Reflex centers for coughing and sneezing are in the:

Answer 32

medulla oblongata

Question 33

The colliculi are part of the:

Answer 33

corpora quadrigemina

Question 34

The white matter of the cerebellum is called the:

Answer 34

arbor vitae

Question 35

The central part of the cerebellum is the:

Answer 35

vermis

Question 36

The thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus form the

Answer 36

diencephalon

Question 37

The gland associated with the hypothalamus is the:

Answer 37

pituitary gland

Question 38

The gland associated with the epithalamus is the:

Answer 38

pineal body

Question 39

The relay center for impulses going to the cerebrum is the:

Answer 39

thalamus

Question 40

Which area serves as the main visceral control center of the body

Answer 40

hypothalamus

Question 41

Lobe where hearing and smell are perceived.

Answer 41

Temporal Lobe

Question 42

Lobe where vision is perceived.

Answer 42

Occipital Lobe

Question 43

Lobe involved in memory and site where balance and visceral sensations are perceived.

Answer 43

Insula

Question 44

Lobe where touch and taste are perceived.

Answer 44

Parietal Lobe

Question 45

Lobe responsible for voluntary movement and most intellectual processes.

Answer 45

Frontal Lobe

Question 46

Specific ridge responsible for conscious awareness of the general somatic senses.

Answer 46

Postcentral gyrus

Question 47

Specific ridge where the primary motor cortex (which controls voluntary movement) is located.

Answer 47

Precentral gyrus

Question 48

Area that directs muscles involved in speech production.

Answer 48

Broca's area

Question 49

Area that is primarily involved in recognizing and understanding spoken words.

Answer 49

Wernicke's area

Question 50

Areas of the brain that function in integration and communication between other brain parts.

Answer 50

Association areas

Question 51

Cortical areas involved in control of voluntary muscular contractions.

Answer 51

Motor areas

Question 52

Cortical areas involved in conscious awareness of sensation.

Answer 52

Sensory areas

Question 53

White matter that connects the two halves of the cerebrum.

Answer 53

Corpus callosum

Question 54

Part of the brain responsible for conscious thought.

Answer 54

Cerebrum

Question 55

The fifth lobe of the cerebrum, which is located deep inside the lateral sulcus.

Answer 55

Insula

Question 56

A valley or groove on the surface of the brain.

Answer 56

Sulcus

Question 57

Gray matter located within the white matter of the cerebrum; disorders cause problems with movement, including Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease.

Answer 57

Basal ganglia

Question 58

The two main regions of the basal ganglia.

Answer 58

Caudate nucleus, Lentiform nucleus

Question 59

Which of these is LEAST involved in movement?

Answer 59

limbic system

Question 60

Which of these is LEAST involved in memory?

Answer 60

thalamus

Question 61

Which of these includes part of the diencephalon?

Answer 61

limbic system

Question 62

Which of these is involved in the fear response?

Answer 62

amygdala

Question 63

Which one encodes, consolidates and retrieves memories?

Answer 63

hippocampus

Question 64

Important in starting, stopping, and monitoring the intensity of movements executed by cortex

Answer 64

Basal ganglia

Question 65

Relay center for impulses heading to the cerebrum.

Answer 65

Thalamus

Question 66

Regulates autonomic nervous system, release of pituitary hormones, and many other things.

Answer 66

Hypothalamus

Question 67

Helps regulate sleep cycles and releases melatonin.

Answer 67

Pineal body

Question 68

“Little feet of the cerebrum” that contain pyramidal motor tracts descending to the spinal cord.

Answer 68

Cerebral peduncles

Question 69

Controls visual and auditory reflexes.

Answer 69

Corpora quadrigemina

Question 70

Relays information between the motor cortex and cerebellum; has nuclei for several cranial nerves.

Answer 70

Pons

Question 71

Has reflex centers for heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rhythm.

Answer 71

Medulla oblongata

Question 72

Mediates postural reflexes, balance and coordination; some cognitive functions.

Answer 72

Cerebellum

Question 73

Our “emotional brain”; it also plays a major role in memory.

Answer 73

Limbic system

Question 74

Stimulates the cerebral cortex to keep us alert.

Answer 74

Reticular activating system

Question 75

Connective tissue that surrounds and protects the brain.

Answer 75

Meninges

Question 76

Prevents toxins and other undesirable substances in the blood from entering the brain.

Answer 76

Blood brain barrier

Question 77

Space superificial to pia mater that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 77

Subarachnoid space

Question 78

Potential space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater.

Answer 78

Subdural space

Question 79

Most superficial layer of meninges; composed of tough fibrous connective tissue.

Answer 79

Dura mater

Question 80

Deepest layer of meninges; a delicate, highly vascularized layer that clings to the brain surface.

Answer 80

Pia mater

Question 81

The middle layer of meninges that has spiderweb-like projections on its inner surface.

Answer 81

Arachnoidmater

Question 82

Structure responsible for making cerebrospinal fluid; located in the roofs of the ventricles.

Answer 82

Choroid plexus

Question 83

The largest of the dural sinuses; collects venous blood and travels along the superior midline of head.

Answer 83

Superior sagittal sinus