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Human Anatomy > Ch 17 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Ch 17 Endocrine System Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

The main effects of the endocrine system are on:

A

growth and metabolism

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2
Q

The only organs in the body that secrete hormones are the endocrine glands.

A

False, the pancrease also secretes hormone

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3
Q

Unlike exocrine glands, endocrine glands:

A

are ductless

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4
Q

The two chemical classes of hormones are:

A

amino-acid based and steroids

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5
Q

Which type of hormone is derived from cholesterol?

A

steroids

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6
Q

Hormones reach their target cells by traveling through:

A

the blood

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7
Q

A hormone affects any cell that has:

A

its receptors

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8
Q

Nervous stimulation of a gland controls secretion of a hormone.

A

Nerual

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9
Q

The concentration of a substance in the blood controls release of a hormone.

A

Humoral

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10
Q

One hormone stimulates release of a second hormone.

A

Hormonal

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11
Q

Mechanism used to control release of parathyroid hormone.

A

Humoral

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12
Q

Mechanism used to control release of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone.

A

Hormonal

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13
Q

Mechanism used to control release of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine).

A

Nerual

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14
Q

Cortisol is released in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This is an example of which mechanism?

A

Hormonal

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15
Q

Insulin is released when levels of glucose in the blood are too high. This is an example of which mechanism?

A

Humoral

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16
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released in response to nerve signals from the hypothalamus.This is an example of which mechanism?

A

Neural

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17
Q

This is another name for the pituitary gland.

A

Hypophysis

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18
Q

Part of the brain that directly regulates the pituitary gland.

A

Hypothalamus

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19
Q

The stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the brain.

A

Infundibulum

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20
Q

The more anterior portion of the pituitary gland.

A

Adenohypophysis

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21
Q

The more posterior portion of the pituitary gland.

A

Neurohypophysis

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22
Q

The depression in the sella turcica that supports the pituitary gland.

A

Hypophyseal fossa

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23
Q

Hormones that regulate the secretion of other hormones (includes TSH, ACTH, FSH and LH)

A

Tropic hormones

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24
Q

Secreted by Anterior pituitary

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Growth hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Prolactin, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

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25
Secreted by Posterior pituitary
Antidiuretic hormone, Oxytocin
26
Stimulates kidneys to reclaim more water; raises blood pressure.
Antidiuretic hormone
27
Stimulates growth of skeleton at epiphyseal plates; stimulates body cells to synthesize proteins.
Growth hormone
28
Prompts mammary gland to make milk.
Prolactin
29
In females it stimulates ovulation; in males it stimulates interstitial cells to make testosterone
Luteinizing hormone
30
Prompts the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
31
In female it stimulates maturation of ovarian follicles; in males it stimulates sperm production.
Follicle-stimulating hormone
32
Prompts contraction of the smooth muscle of the male and female reproductive tract; initiates labor and milk ejection in females; involved with the establishment of social bonds.
Oxytocin
33
Prompts thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
34
Stimulates melanocytes to darken skin pigmentation.
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
35
. Two hormones that are made in the hypothalamus then transported through axons to be stored in the pituitary until needed
Antidiuretic hormone & Oxytocin
36
A butterfly-shaped gland located in the anterior neck just inferior to the larynx
Thyroid gland
37
Spherical structures filled with a precursor of thyroid hormone.
Follicles
38
A pink-staining material that is the precursor of the thyroid hormones.
Colloid
39
Cells that secrete thyroid hormone.
Follicular cells
40
Cells that secrete calcitonin.
Parafollicular cells
41
Generally four small, yellow-brown glands that are usually embedded in the posterior surface of another gland, but which may be in other regions of the neck or thorax
Parathyroid glands
42
The cells that make parathyroid hormone.
Chief cells
43
Secreted by the Thyroid gland
Calcitonin, thyroxine
44
Secreted by the Parathryroid gland
Parathyroid hormone
45
Thyroxine hormone actions:
Increases metabolic rate.
46
Parathyroid hormone actions:
Increases blood calcium level by stimulating osteoclasts, decreasing calcium secretion by the kidneys, and activating vitamin D.
47
Calcitonin hormone actions:
Decreases blood calcium level by stimulating osteoblasts and increasing calcium secretion by the kidneys.
48
Secreted by Adrenal Cortex:
Glucocorticoids, DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone), Mineralocorticoids
49
Secreted by Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
50
Raise blood glucose level and help resist stress, The main one is cortisol, and In large quantities they depress inflammation and inhibit the immune system
Glucocorticoids
51
Help trigger the fight-or-flight response
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
52
Sex hormone secreted by the adrenal gland,
DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone)
53
Hormones that help control blood volume and blood pressure by reabsorbing sodium and water, The main one is aldosterone
Mineralocorticoids
54
Which part of the adrenal gland consists of modified postganglionic neurons?
adrenal medulla
55
A gland located in the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity that has both exocrine and endocrine functions
Pancreas
56
Pancreatic cells that secrete digestive enzymes
Acinar cells
57
Clusters of cells that perform the endocrine functions of the pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
58
Cells that secrete insulin.
Beta cells
59
Cells that secrete glucagon
Alpha cells
60
Decreases blood glucose level, Released when the level of glucose in the blood is too high, Promotes glucose uptake into cell and storage as glycogen in the liver.
Insulin
61
Increases blood glucose level, Released when the level of glucose in the blood is too low, Stimulates liver to release glucose from its glycogen stores.
Glucagon
62
A pine-cone shaped gland that is part of the diencephalon.
Pineal gland
63
An immune structure located in the neck and thorax.
Thymus
64
Located in the scrotum.
Testes
65
Located on the right and left sides of the pelvic cavity.
Ovaries
66
Specific structure that secretes estrogen only.
Ovarian follicle
67
Specific structure that secretes estrogen and progesterone.
Corpus luteum
68
Specific structure that secretes testosterone.
Interstitial cells
69
Secretes thymopoietin and thymosin.
Thymus
70
Secretes melatonin.
Pineal gland
71
Stimulates the transformation of lymphocyte-precursor cells into T-lymphocytes.
Thymic hormones
72
Helps regulate circadian rhythms.
Melatonin
73
Maintains the reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics in females.
Estrogen
74
Signals the uterus to prepare for pregnancy.
Progesterone
75
Maintains the reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics in males and helps promote sperm formation.
Testosterone
76
Secretes erythropoietin.
Kidneys
77
Secretes atrial natriuretic peptide.
Heart
78
Forms a precursor of vitamin D, which is a steroid hormone.
Skin
79
Secretes estrogens, progesterone, and human chorionic gonadotropin.
Placenta
80
Hormone-secreting cells scattered within tissue derived from the embryonic gut; secrete numerous hormones including gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin.
Diffuse neuroendocrine system
81
Signals the intestine to absorb calcium from food.
Vitamin D
82
Signals the bone marrow to increase the production of red blood cells.
Erythropoietin
83
Decreases excess blood volume, high blood pressure, and high blood sodium concentration by stimulating the kidney to increase secretion of salt
Atrial natriuretic peptide
84
Causes the corpus luteum to continue secreting progesterone
Human chorionic gonadotropin
85
Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to lack of iodine.
Endemic goiter
86
Increased growth during childhood causes the individual to be taller than normal.
Gigantism
87
Causes formation of large quantities of dilute urine, and excessive thirst.
Diabetes insipidus
88
Causes a drop in glucose and sodium levels, severe dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, loss of appetite, and abdominal pain.
Addison’s disease
89
Children do not grow to normal height.
Pituitary dwarfism
90
A condition in which there is a high metabolic rate, sweating, nervousness, weight loss, and protrusion of the eyes.
Grave’s disease
91
An adult condition in which there is a low metabolic rate, weight gain, chilliness, edema, and mental sluggishness.
Myxedema
92
Disease in adults that causes thickening of bones and growth of soft tissues.
Acromegaly
93
Causes high blood glucose, loss of protein from muscles and lethargy.
Cushing’s disease
94
Infants exhibit stunted growth, abnormal development, and mental retardation.
Cretinism
95
High levels of glucose in the blood and urine; usually begins in adulthood; caused by insensitivity of tissues to the hormone.
Diabetes mellitus, Type 2
96
High levels of glucose in the blood and urine; usually begins in childhood; caused by destruction of cells in the pancreas.
Diabetes mellitus, Type 1
97
Cushing’s disease, hormonal imbalance causes
Too many glucocorticoids
98
Cretinism, hormomal imbalance causes
Too little thyroxine
99
Pituitary dwarfism, hormonal imbalance causes
Too little growth hormone
100
Addison’s disease, hormonal imbalance causes
Too few glucocorticoids
101
Grave’s disease, hormonal imbalance causes
Too much thyroxine
102
Type 1 diabetes, hormonal imbalance causes
Too little insulin
103
Acromegaly, hormonal imbalance causes
Too much growth hormone
104
Myxedema, hormonal imbalance causes
Too little thyroxine

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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