CH 13: Externalizing problems

Question 1

Driving accidents

Answer 1

-in the 15-24 age range, car crashes are the number one cause of death
-males partake more than females

Question 2

why does this age group engage in risky driving behaviors

Answer 2

-lack of parental monitoring
-friend influence
-personality of sensation seeking behavior
-optimistic bias

Question 3

how can we prevent car crashes

Answer 3

-driver’s ed alone is not effective
-a graduated drivers license program is best: learning permit –> restricted license –> full license

Question 4

age of substance use in U.S.

Answer 4

usage increases in late adolescence and peaks in emerging adulthood

Question 5

why engage in substance use

Answer 5

-propensity (motivation) and opportunity
-unstructured socializing

Question 6

types of substance use

Answer 6

1. experimental
2. social
3. medicinal
4. addictive

Question 7

substance use prevention

Answer 7

must start young and follow up
-also must be comprehensive

Question 8

rates of specific substances in the U.S. compared to other countries

Answer 8

cigarettes: the U.S. has much lower rates than the rest of the West because of effective programming

alcohol: U.S. uses less than the rest of the West but more than Canada

marijuana: U.S. uses more than other countries because it is legal

Question 9

characteristics of adolescents engaging in delinquency and crime

Answer 9

-12-25y/o
-males
-blacks and latinos
-low SES
-urban neighborhoods
-groups of friends

Question 10

why do adolescents engage in delinquency and crime

Answer 10

-lack of adult supervision
-influence of friends
-sensation seeking
-access to guns

Question 11

what are the two types of delinquency

Answer 11

1. adolescence limited delinquency: committing the occasional crime from 12-25 but you did not have problems before adol and do not continue committing crimes into adulthood
2. life course persistent delinquency: demonstrated neuropsychological deficits and problem behaviors in childhood and continue crime past adol and into adulthood

Question 12

what is an ineffective approach to preventing crime and delinquency

Answer 12

therapy and vocational training

Question 13

why is therapy and vocational training an ineffective approach to preventing crime

Answer 13

-crime pattern is already established at this point so its not really prevention but more so reversal which is more difficult
-usually people are completing this nonvoluntarily
-peer contagion: build off of other delinquent peers and everyone gets worse

Question 14

effective approach to crime and delinquency

Answer 14

-functional family therapy to improve communication and rule setting

-multisystemic approaches that address all territories of life