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Biol 3400 > CH 14 & 15 Mitosis and Cell Cycle > Flashcards

CH 14 & 15 Mitosis and Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What moves sister chromatids apart in anaphase b

A

Motor proteins that pull and push.

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2
Q

What motor protein pulls

A

Dyein

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3
Q

What motor protein pushes

A

Eg5

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4
Q

How does the centrosome duplicate

A

By duplication of centrioles

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5
Q

Define Cohesins

A

Binds Chromatids and help alignment

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6
Q

T/F Cohesins helps the cell remember gene expression , by marking transcription factor binding, helping transcription factors find their correct places.

A

True

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7
Q

Ubiquitination events

A

Ubiquitination of cyclin and ubiquitination of CKI

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8
Q

What does Ubiquitination of CKI do?

A

Returns to the cell cycle.

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9
Q

What does Ubiquitination of cyclin do?

A

Activates/ inhibits CDK

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10
Q

How is Ubiquitination of CKI Regulated

A

By ubiqitin

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11
Q

How is ubiquitination of cyclin regulated

A

By phosphate

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12
Q

What are ATR and ATM doing on Chk1 Chk2.

A

Initiate Checkpoint response

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13
Q

What are the events of prophase

A

Condensing of chromosomes, Centrosomes appear

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14
Q

What are Chk1 and Chk2

A

They are mediator proteins

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15
Q

How do Chk1 and Chk2 interact with Cdc25

A

they target Cdc25

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16
Q

What do Chk1 and Chk2 do?

A

They Slow/ damage DNA replication

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17
Q

Function of Anaphase promoting cmoplex

A

activate seperase and allow chromatids to separate

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18
Q

How many kinetochore are there in a human cell

A

2 per chromosomes = 92 total.

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19
Q

What are astral microtubule

A

microtubules that attach to kinetochores

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20
Q

Where to astral microtubules originate

A

Centrosomes

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21
Q

What is the mitotic spindle

A

Lining and segregation of chromosomes

22
Q

How does cdc25 affect commitment to mitosis

A

Catalyzes cyclin b and cdk1

23
Q

T/F Cdc25 expression oscillates during cell cycle.

A

True

24
Q

How is the ORI (origin of replication) licensed to fire

A

Licensing factor: Proteins that allow ORI to replicate DNA

25
Q

How does spindle position determine contractile ring?

A

Because to the interaction between mitotic spindle and cortex of the cell.

26
Q

How is coordination of DNA synthesis and replication of centrioles acheived

A

Centrioles replicates and is elongated in S phase with DNA synthesis.

27
Q

Where does the signal for spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) come from

A

Signal comes from the proper attachment of microtubules to kinetochore

28
Q

Critical events of M phase

A

Nuclear and cytoplasmic division.

29
Q

What is the pre-replication complex

A

6 protein complex bound to origin replication complex (ORC)

30
Q

What happens to a cell without functional retinoblastoma protein.

A

DNA will not replicate or divid properly

31
Q

How do oncologists classify Retinoblastoma protein

A

Cancer suppressor

32
Q

What are centromeres

A

Centromere is the origin of a chromosome

33
Q

What is the role of a centromere

A

The binding site of kinetochore and microtubule.

34
Q

T/F When nuclear envelope breaks down, microtubules attach to chromosome by randomly probing and finding kinetochore.

A

True

35
Q

What molecular sensors respond to the absence of Retinoblastoma protein

A

G1 CDK-cyclin phosphorylate Retinoblastoma

36
Q

Define Congression as it pertains to mitosis

A

aligning of mitotic spindle

37
Q

T/F Chromosomes are pushed away from poles.

A

False

38
Q

Cdk and Cyclin complex of G1 phase

A

Cyclin D

CDK 4 and CDK 6

39
Q

CDK and Cylclin complex of S phase

A

Cyclin a

CDK 2

40
Q

CDK and Cyclin complex of G2 phase

A

Cyclin A

CDK 1

41
Q

CDK cyclin complex of M phase

A

Cyclin B

CDK 1

42
Q

T/F Each kinetochore fiber exerts poleward force that is proportional to its lenght

A

True

Kinetochores need to be the same length

43
Q

T/F Stable bipolar attachment of sister chromatids is assessed by kinetochore passenger proteins and MCAK motor (that depolymerizes microtubules) so that the SAC is not passed too soon.

A

False.

SAC becomes activated when there is an issue in the attachment of kinetochore.

44
Q

A cell in quiescence is?

A

In arrested state.

45
Q

T/F CENP-E protein in an unattached kinetochore can slide along an adjacent, attached kinetochore fiber toward a centered chromosome to help the unattched chromosome get closer to the center. This may help shorten the distance for the microtubles searching for an unattached kinetochore.

A

True

CENP-E is a part of the the corona

46
Q

What does a cell look like when it losses function of Wee kinase the inhibitory kinase of Cdk1

A

The cell enters mitosis early.

Wee acts as a regulator for entry into mitosis

47
Q

Role of SAC

A

To make sure kinetochores are properly attached.

48
Q

What prevents ORI from being being used more than once per cell cycle.

A

Can no longer bind to DNA

49
Q

The isolation of conditional cell cycle mutations in yeast helped identify many of the key proteins involved in cell cycle control. Many of these mutations were given the name cdc (cell division cycle) and are temperature sensitive. Hypothesize about the outcomes of a cdc temperature sensitive mutant.

A

Temperature can be used as a factor to determine the rate of cycle.

50
Q

There are several mechanisms for regulating Cdk activiy. List 3.

A

Association with cyclin
Phosphorilation - inhibitory
Dephosphorilation- activation

51
Q

Role of p53

A

is a gene that codes for regulation in DNA

less mutations

52
Q

What is one function of Cdk1 - Cyclin B complex in mammalian cells

A

Mitosis, Phosphorilation of lamin protein, trigger of nuclear envelope disassembly

Biol 3400 (9 decks)

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