Ch. 14

Question 1

Somatic Neurons

Answer 1

sensory input from receptors conscious thoughts and movement

Question 2

Special Senses

Answer 2

vision, hearing, taste, smell, and equilibrium, perception

Question 3

Somatic Senses

Answer 3

pain, temperature, tactile and proprioception sensation

Question 4

Motor

Answer 4

skeleton muscles; voluntary

Question 5

Integration and Control

Answer 5

• Involuntary regulation by hypothalamus, brain stem, and some spinal cord segments
• Somatic and special senses input through limbic system

Question 6

Autonomic Neurons

Answer 6

• Sensory: input from autonomic interreceptor in viscera and blood vessels, subconscious
• Motor: two synapses to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands; involuntary

Question 7

Sympathetic

Answer 7

• Series of physiological responses “fight or flight”
• Supports vigorous physical activity

Question 8

Parasympathetic

Answer 8

• Series of physiological responses “ rest and digest”
• Supports conversation and restoration of body energy during rest and recovery periods

Question 9

Sensation and Perception

Answer 9

• Sensation: is the conscious and subconscious detection of changes in the external or internal environment
• Perception: is the conscious awareness and interpretation of sensations

Question 10

Process of Sensation

Answer 10

1. Stimulation of a sensory receptor
2. Transduction of the stimulus
3. Generation of nerve impulses
4. Integration of sensory input

Question 11

Proprioceptive Sensations

Answer 11

• Deep somatic pain: nociceptors in skeletal muscle, joints, tendon, and fascia
• Superficial somatic pain: nociceptors in skin
• Visceral Pain: nociceptors in visceral organs

Question 12

Upper Motor Neuron Pathways

Answer 12

• Direct Pathways: axons extend from the primary motor areas of cerebral cortex
• Indirect Pathways: axons extend from lower motor centers in the brain stem